flow index is given by the weight of the extrudate in gram per 10 min [1]. Referring to Figure 1.1, the melt flow index measured according to Condition-E (190°C, 2160g) which is the normal condition for polyethylene is called “Melt Index (MI)”. Polypropylene requires Condition-L (230°C, 2160g) because of its high melting point, and the melt flow index at Condition-L is called “Melt Flow (MF)’. Figure 1.1: Conditions that found satisfactory for the material listed Melt index is a common measurement
Polyethylene Vinylacetate (EVA) Student Name Pathik Patel, ID Number #20638625; E-mail: pd6patel@uwaterloo.ca 1. Introduction and Applications: Ethene, but-3-enoic acid (IUPAC name), commonly known as poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) (PEVA), as the name suggest, is the copolymer made up of ethylene monomer and vinyl acetate (VA) monomer. It is produced by addition reaction mechanism with free radical initiation. It has a chemical formula of (C2H4)n(C4H6O2)m. Depending upon the weight percent
Abstract In this work, the mechanical and barrier properties were examined for Polypropylene (PP) film in which the surface of the film was modified by Oxygen plasma treatment. The PP film was treated in various intervals of time of 60 s, 120 s, 180 s, 240 s and 300 s with three various RF power settings of 7.2 W, 10.2 W, 29.6 W. The contact angle was measured to characterize the wettability. The oxygen functional groups were generated on the surface of oxygen modified PP which was observed by Fourier
energy absorbing material. Side impacts require special attention because during side impact accidents the occupant sits within the crash zone, thus often Polypropylene is one of those most versatile polymers available with applications, both as a plastic and as a fiber, in virtually all of the plastics end-use markets.[3] Production of polypropylene takes place by slurry, solution or gas phase process, in which the propylene monomer is subjected to heat and pressure in the presence of a catalyst system
will occur. The American Concrete Institute (ACI) conducted two studies on polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete, one dealing with plastic shrinkage cracking and the other on permeability characteristics. Plastic shrinkage cracking occurs when the surface water on the concrete evaporates faster than the bleed water reaches the surface of the concrete. It was determined by the plastic shrinking cracking study that polypropylene fibers helped reduce the total plastic shrinkage crack area on test panels
In this essay we will talk about the supply chain of a product from raw materials to its arrival to customers. First, we will have an overview about textile industry, overview of Oriental Weavers Company, overview of manufacturing of carpets&rugs and its major competitors. Egypt is the address to the only fully vertically integrated textiles industry in the Middle East, with the whole manufacturing process from the collecting of cotton from the yards to the production of yarns, fabrics and ready-made
The artwork is many islands located in Biscayne Bay, which is in Greater Miami, Florida. The island in this photo is surrounded by pink woven polypropylene fabric. The floating pink layer seems as if it is part of the island. The visual idea behind the earthwork was to provide light to society, while also providing a great benefit to the area by collecting waste in waterways. “Surrounded Islands was a work of art underlining the various elements and ways in which the people of Miami live, between
metallic internal core and an external shell that is made up of different material depending on the manufacturer (George, 2011). In this formula model car steering wheel, the core will be made up of carbon fibre that will be impregnated with polypropylene. The rack housing will be made of 6063-T6 high strength aluminium with the grips being ABS. Steps Followed in Manufacturing of Steering Wheel In the present technology, the internal metal core designated 4, is comprised of the external rim 3 and
A composite material is made by combining two or more materials to give a unique combination of properties. The two constituents are reinforcement and a matrix. There are many types of materials that can be used for reinforced and matrix materials. The choice materials depend more upon required strength to weight ratio, stiffness and application. 3.1.1 Selection of fibre material as reinforcement material. The function of reinforcement is to improve the fracture toughness, high strength and stiffness
any better possible plastics out there that can be used. The 1.9 million people in America who have lost limbs find it hard to pay for them, since they’re very expensive, so I looked into materials used, which are currently plastics such as polypropylene and carbon fibers. However, there are still some problems such as slow reaction time so manufacturers and laboratories are looking into alternate solutions such as carbon nanotubes and microchips. Research is expensive though, so I do not see
goal to find solution for more efficient way of packaging. Challenge With Polypropylene increases of up to 60%, Daniels Healthcare, a small to medium enterprise (SME), who supplies clinical waste containers to the healthcare sector, worked in collaboration with NHS Supply Chain to remove cost from the supply chain to avoid significant price increases for the NHS. Objectives • Save costs in the supply chain to offset Polypropylene cost increases. • Save product miles through reduced deliveries to...
performing fuels and lubricants with zero emissions. Their downstream activities are refining and supply of petroleum products. Also Exxon Mobil’s chemical is a global marketer of ole fins, aromatics, fluids, synthetic rubber, polyethylene, polypropylene, oriented polypropylene packing films, plasticizers. Over the years, the Exxon Mobil Corporation have repeatedly earned the ranking of a top-rated Fortune 500 company by flawl...
pure-self annealed aluminium foil. Two electrodes are used in every single-phase capacitor. One electrode is positively charged, while the other is negatively charged. b) Dielectric material: Insulating material used to separate the electrodes e.g Polypropylene. c) A Case, dielectric fluid and bushing: Container in which the aluminium electrodes and dielectric material are placed and where insulation is provided. The dielectric fluid is used to fill the case. The case is sealed and the electrodes are
Today in modern life, humans make use of many objects that have certain devices that they are not even aware of how they work or what their main function is. One of these devices that is used a lot without knowing their existence is what is called a "capacitor." Many people have heard the word capacitor, but also many do not even have an idea of what it means or what is the use for it. In this research, I will concentrate on explaining the physics of a capacitor and describing the main types of
Mushrooms is unique creature in the living world cannot be classified neither plant nor animal. It has become one of human food sources. There has been recent finding of interest in mushroom not only as a health vegetable which rich in protein but it also important as sources of biologically active compound of medical value. Based on Ooi & Liu (2000) schizophyllan from S. commune and lentinan, an interferon-stimulating polysaccharide produced by L. edodes are products that have been isolated from
Visual perception is the process that allows human beings to identify, interpret, and know what exists in their surrounding environment. It begins with the stimuli (from objects) that the individual consciously decides to pay attention to and a fundamental aspect of objects that allow such perception is form. The element of form is essential and relevant in design and its proper use implies psychological and technical knowledge. Form is the visual aspect of content whose function is to inform about
values for one material at different gravimetric weights are often used as a measure for the broadness of the molecular weight distribution. Melt flow rate is very commonly used for polyolefins, polyethylene being measured at 190 °C and polypropylene at 230 °C. The plastics engineer should choose a material with a melt index high enough that the molten polymer can be easily formed into the article intended, but low enough that the mechanical strength of the final article will be sufficient
inorganic flame retardants including RP and EG, the ATH flame retarded HDPE composites show obvious synergistic effects in improving the flame retardancy [72]. Sun L. et al studied the thermal stability and fire retardant properties of wood flour/polypropylene composites containing magnesium hydroxide (MH), expandable graphite (EG), and ammonium polyphosphate(APP) as flame retardant. The results showed that both expandable graphite and ammonium polyphosphate promoted thermal degradation of wood flour
forehead, temples and occipital bone in back of the head. The headgear is made of shock-absorbing foam situated between an outer layer of Lycra and an inner layer of sweat-absorbing polypropylene. Lycra is a synthetic fiber known for its great elasticity. It is stronger and more durable than natural rubber while polypropylene is a thermoplastic polymer that is just like plastic but more durable and flexible. The challenges that are facing most scientists and developers of this headgear today, are to be
Within the specified diameter of the bottle water, the holder is conceived. The handle model is analyzed and conceived by varying the number of holder for both the test sample and the control sample from four (4) to six (6) and the material from polypropylene to High density