instantaneous dipole then goes to a short and weak interatomic attraction. But can be very significant for large atoms (Zumdal 453). Polarizability which indicates the ease with which the electron cloud of an atom can be distorted to give a dipolar charge (Zumdal 453). From this we can conclude large atoms that have many electrons will express a greater polarizability than small atoms. This means that the importance of London dispersion forces increases greatly as the size of the atom increases (Zumdal
The ability to determine source of a blood is important to serval fields of science, especially in forensic science (1, 2). Determining the origin of a bloodstain can be beneficial in investigations for wildlife crimes, animal cruelty cases, hit-and-run cases, and other cases as well (1, 2). It can be especially important in hit-and-run cases, because an individual may deny that they were in a vehicular accident where a human was hit (1). They even may lie by telling an investigator that they hit
SYNOPSIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN PHYSICS Submitted by L. SUGI, M.Sc., B.Ed., M.Phil., Ref. No: 17391/Ph.D.K2/Physics/Full-time/July 2014/19.06.2014 Research Guide Dr. S. DHEIVAMALAR, M.Sc., M.Phil., Ph.D., PGDCA. Assistant Professor, Department of Physics Government Arts College for Women (A) Pudukkottai Government Arts College for Women (Autonomous) (Re-Accredited with B by NAAC) Pudukkottai – 622 001 JUNE 2016 Introduction Fullerenes are accepted
2.5.1 Raman Spectroscopy Inelastic scattering of light by elementary excitations such as phonons and plasmon in the material is termed as Raman scattering. When a beam of light (UV-Visible and IR region) of frequencyI is incident on a solid, most of the light gets scattered elastically, i.e., without change in energy. A small fraction of light is scattered inelastically with frequencies I ± m, where m are the characteristic vibrational frequencies of the e- cloud in the molecule/solid. Figure
. After reflection of the two beams, they recombine at the beam-splitter. Depending on the location of the moving mirror, difference in the optic paths are generated. The two beams interfere constructively and therefore lead to a maximum detector response when they are in phase with each other. The beams interfere destructively when they are out of phase with each other. (14)(15) Figure 1.3 – Schematic representation of the operation of a FTIR spectrometer equipped with a Michelson interferometer
concentration of Ce3+ and Dy3+ ions may be due to the fact that the RE3+ ion introduction results in the distortion of cobalt ferrite lattice. It also results in an increase in Fe-O and RE-O bond lengths at octahedral B site resulting in an increase in polarizability with a consequent increase in dielectric constant [17,
Introduction Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in women and 70 percentage of breast cancer is caused by the over expression of Estrogen receptor (ER). ER represents a viable and important pharmaceutical target against cancer. It is targeted by pharmaceutical agents for hormone replacement in menopausal women and reproductive cancers such as prostate cancer, uterine cancer and breast cancer [1]. ERs are classified into two types, ER alpha and ER beta which belongs to the super
Introduction Our design project is over anti-finger smudge technology. This technology has been a major subject of research with the advent of hand-held, touch screen devices such as phones and tablets. Anyone who has held a mobile phone or handheld game knows that in a short period of time, the glass display becomes visibly dirty without anti-smudge coatings. Unwanted finger print smudges on touch screen surfaces significantly reduces the performance and utility of the device, as well as the