In 21st century, there is growing interest to minimize the size and the power consumption of any electronic device. There are many technologies introduced but the most optimistic technology is identified as MEMS. 1.1.1 MEMS: An Introduction MEMS is known as Micro Electro Mechanical System. It is also known as micro system technology (MST) in Europe and micro system in Japan. It is process technology used to generate micro level integrated system or devices that have combination of mechanical and
Disclaimer In this proposal, which I own, a physical product “Aerogel” belongs to the real company, Aspen Aerogel Inc. I am completely aware of the fact that they are the owner of basic idea of this product and by writing this proposal, I am only writing as an observer outside the company in order to strengthen the weakness of this product to put it into a better use. I am not part of this company members and this report serves only for educational purposes. All the analyses on this report are written
Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) are systems that are designed on a micro metre scale and have become more popular as the demand for devices to get smaller has increased. The main uses of these systems are for sensors, such as accelerometers and gyroscopes and other such devices like microscopy and inkjet nozzles for example. There are many materials that can be used for MEMS as the cost of the material is almost eradicated due to the micro size of the systems being produced. This brings materials
Abstract Synthesis of carbon nanotubes at low temperatures as low as 540oC was demonstrated via floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition method. Catalytic decomposition of benzene was employed using ferrocene as a catalyst precursor. In this work, the issue of introducing catalyst particles into the reactor has been developed by using single heating source for both the catalyst and reactor. In-situ monitoring device was used to observe the temperature profile in the reactor and thus, to initiate
Designer Diamonds Newspaper Article What have been the effects of diamond mining had on the environment and people of Africa (or India) especially those in Zimbabwe and Sierra Leone? Sierra Leone has been through decades of resource exploitation. Also a brutal ten-year war has taken its toll on all the people and their land that they are living on. Most of these are among the poorest and the most uneducated people in the world. In Sierra Leone, mining is basically a way of living for them. When the
SURFACE MODIFICATION ON THE STEM OF A TOTAL HIP JOINT REPLACEMENT INTRODUCTION Titanium and its alloys are used in various applications due to their desirable properties. One of the main sectors where titanium is highly used is in biomedical applications where both implants and tools for surgery make use of this element due to its biocompatibility, low modulus and excellent corrosion resistance. However titanium shows poor tribological properties and therefore it is generally alloyed and undergoes
We have reached a point in time where the antediluvian ways have either been completely forgotten or are simply ignored for loss of necessity. This fast progressing world owes everything to the researchers and innovators responsible for the ever changing paradigm of technology. My capability as an engineer, however, to be truly able to understand how the various design aspects behind each innovation, helping me ponder over the numerous ways in which it can be implemented for technological betterment
titanium was chosen as current collector owing to its well-known excellent mechanical, chemical and thermal stability as well as abundance in the Earth’s crust. In this study, we first prepared indium-tin oxide nanowires (ITO NWs) by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on titanium substrate, and then different mesoporous structures such as Co(OH)2 nanoflake (NF) were deposited onto the indium-tin oxide nanowires (ITO NWs) by electrodeposition through lyotropic liquid crystal (LLC) template. In addition
These properties can be either physical or chemical. Some properties among them are tensile strength, hardness, internal stress, elongation, fracture toughness, density. These properties can be modified by surface treatment processes. Effects of Surface treatments on the behaviour of
process (the change of water vapor into very small drops of water) to form larger water droplets then fall back to the earth surface. At this vaporous form, there is a transport process which is the transport of water vapor by the wind towards certain areas that will cause rain. Rainwater should meet the physical, chemical and biological conditions Rainwater contains more gas than groundwater, especially the content of CO2 and O2. At the transport process, water vapor is mixed and dissolved gasses
molded polymer parts for subsequent paint adhesive, or coating application. Solvent treatment processes can be conducted through wiping, immersion, spraying, or vapor degreasing. Typically, high-vapor pressure organic solvents (alcohols, ketones, toluene, etc), chlorinated hydrocarbon solvents (eg, Freons, or 1,1,1-tri chloroethane) or low-vapor pressure organic solvents (terpenes, isoparaffins, lactates, esters, etc) are used in these processes. The major drawbacks of the technology are the environmental
uk/nature-online/earth/rock-minerals/diamonds/diamond-formation. n.d. AuthorLastName, FirstName. Title of the Book Being Referenced. City Name: Name of Publisher, Year. Type of Medium (e.g. Print). Charles C Plummer, Diane H. Carlson,Lisa Hammersky. "Physical Geology 14th edition." n.d. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamondwikipedia. n.d. http://geology.com/articles/diamonds-from-coal/. n.d. http://literary-devices.com/. 2010. 12 September 2013. LastName, First, Middle. "Article Title." Journal Title (Year):
have been compare between chemical and physical processes. For chemical synthesis two method are used to produce silica nanoparticles. The first is purification of SiO2 from impurities using alkali solid (dry process). The dry process mixed SiO2 and NaOH pellets with different ratio and then heat. The second is wet process using silica sand via a hydrothermal process varies concentration of NaOH solutions (5M, 6M, and 7M) regarding to Munasir (2015). For physical process, the high speed ball milling
today’s modern technologies can process artificial gems which have lower cost compared to the natural diamonds. Its high quality even makes the diamond experts hard to distinguish the differences from the appearances because both have same basic physical and chemical properties. There’s only a way to differentiate between natural and synthetic diamonds which is by studying their impurities both microscopic and atomic level. There are several methods used to produce synthetic diamond which
pollution was identified due to the emergence of western thought towards it. It should be noted that pollution in the western world is as a result industrialization but the case with the less developed countries including Nigeria is due to waste deposition facilities. Air pollution have been found to be the major issues influencing the environment with dangerous element. The remission of air pollution onto the atmosphere is basically as a result of human activities .I most case the natural pollutant
Beginning intro: Research and advancement of TiO2 nanowires have increased tremendously due to recent findings about its unique chemical and physical properties. Many new methods of synthesizing TiO2 nanowires have been created and improved. Specifically, three growth methods are reviewed in this survey: (1) sol-gel method (2) direct oxidation method (3) hydrothermal method. Three applications of TiO2 nanowires are touched in this survey: (1) photocatalytic (2) gas sensing (3) dye-sensitized solar
INTRODUCTION In 1906, L.D Forest invented the first vacuum tube which was used for rectifying, amplifying and switching electrical signals [1]. Vacuum tubes had played an important role in the development of electronics before the advent of semiconductor transistor. In 1947, J. Brattain and W. Bardeen invented the first point contact junction transistor [2,3] and in 1948 W. Schokley proposed bipolar junction transistor (BJT) [4]. In 1951, W. Shockley invented junction field-effect transistor (JFET)
Pyrolytic Graphite is simply a very ordered and pure form of synthetic graphite, and its graphitic crystals are well organized and aligned with each other. Its high crystal orientation is gotten from heat treatment of graphite or by chemical vapor deposition. Due to its chemical inertness, good electrical conductivity, HOPG are potential candidate in forming
2.4.1 Peroxide based Bleaching Agents These products usually contains hydrogen peroxide or one of its precursors as an oxidizing agent a. Hydrogen peroxide (HP,H2O2) is an effective bleaching agent. It is a pale blue liquid and is slightly more viscous than water. The molar mass of hydrogen peroxide is 34.0147g/mol .As the molecular weight of hydrogen peroxide is low it can penetrate dentin and break the bond of organic and inorganic compound inside the dentinal tubules[36] .The photolysis of hydrogen
Combustion [7], precipitation[8], hydrothermal [9], Sol-gel [10], vapor deposition [11]and micro emulsion[12] are some of the chemical methods. Physical methods include thermal decomposition in plasma [13], flame spray [14], laser ablation[15], and mechanical milling [16]. The α-Al2O3 powders obtained from combustion method are usually aggregated and hard. The