Native Dye Plants of the United States The first to use native dye plants in the United States were the Native Americans. Their culture was totally dependent on what the land produced. This is reflected in the wealth of information Native Americans possessed about useful plants, from medicinal to ceremonial and dye plants. This is reflected in the types of houses they built and the names of places (often after the plants that grew there). Early European colonists foolishly ignored the wisdom of
Three iron oxides yellow (y), red (r), black (b), carbon black (c) and two copper phthalocyanines blue (phg) and green (phg) were used. Some pigments can strongly increase air incorporation in fresh concrete, as in the case of the cupric phthalocyanines (Barragan B.E. et al, 2008) [30]. Mortar tests are also effective to detect this fact. It can be seen a significant increase in air content appears when phthalocyanine pigments were used; as a consequence notable reductions in strength must be expected
COORDINATION COMPOUNDS: Coordination compounds are those which are electrically neutral and contain complex ions. Complex ions are those compounds in which central metal atom is bonded to ligand by coordinate covalent bond. The complex can be charged so coordination compound is balanced by counter ion. Coordinate covalent bond is the bond in which electron pair is donated by one bonded atom only. The atoms which donate and accept the pair of electron are called donor and acceptor respectively. Ligand
Melvin Calvin was born on April 8th, 1911 in St. Paul, Minnesota. Melvin Calvin’s parents were immigrants from Europe, his father, Elias Calvin, was from Kalvaria, Lithuania and his mother, Rose Herwitz, was from Russian Georgia. Melvin Calvin showed an early interest in science, more towards the disciplines of chemistry and physics. At the Michigan College of Mining and Technology (now MTU, Michigan Technical University), Calvin received his Bachelor’s degree in chemistry, making him the 1st chemistry