The Foundations of Whitehead's Philosophy of Education The inspiration for this paper comes from the Fiftieth Anniversary of the death of Alfred North Whitehead and the theme of this Congress. In Aims of Education, Whitehead describes the role of freedom and limitation in the educational process. The foundations of these concepts, and important clues to their application, can be found in his general metaphysical framework outlined in Process and Reality. Positive and negative prehensions seem
requires the interplay of other disciplines from the fields of science, economy, and social studies. The disciplines must function all together at a go, not in isolation. Once that is archived, sustainable development is also due to be archived. Philosophy is needed to be in practice in order to have an efficient way to approach sustainability. Mostly environmental sustainability is the one that is seen to be important, which includes the following aspects; water, energy, oil and other resources which
the concept of eidos, the unchanging ideal forms of all the phenomena of the world, stating variations were imperfect manifestations of the ideal, divinely inspired form. Thus, Plato ruled out evolutionary thinking. Aristotle questioned Plato’s philosophy - stating gradation in the natural... ... middle of paper ... ...s evidence of divine design. Although the naturalistic models of origins have existed for many centuries, only since the work of Charles Darwin (1809-1882) has biological evolution
their interest as philosophical arguments is unquestionable. In the Western tradition of philosophy, the cosmological argument can be traced all the way back to Plato’s Laws. However, its first appearance as a fully formed argument appears in the writings of St. Thomas Aquinas. St. Thomas Aquinas was a Roman Catholic philosopher who lived in the thirteenth century, and had a phenomenal effect on Western philosophy. In his writings, he came to what he believed to be a basic proof for the existence of
account all aspects of human life, including the inter-relationship between body, mind and spirit. Macrobiotics stresses the importance of a balanced diet because one's diet creates the foundation for a happy, healthy and harmonious life. Macrobiotic philosophy teaches practitioners to lead a balanced lifestyle based on the Chinese yin-yang principles. The actual macrobiotic diet closely resembles a vegan-like food pattern with virtually no animal food consumed. Practitioners also avoid "nonorganic" or
Aristotle and Plato both believed that there were forces at work in nature which were beyond sight and not of the physical world and eternally present. What we call philosophy is really a second philosophy, due to these unseen forces. Plato, one of the world’s greatest philosophers, once had a ground breaking idea. He came forth with the idea of the Forms. These Forms were perfect and unchanging. Everything else in existence took various qualities from the Forms and used them to create their own
The moral philosophy of Utilitarianism includes a calculation of happiness, in which actions are considered to be good if they produce happiness and evil if they produce pain. Utilitarianism also considers at what extent happiness can be created not just for an individual, but also others whom may be affected. By following a Utilitarian moral philosophy, a person can assure the best possible situation for the most amounts of people affected by every action they make. Utilitarianism is the centered
Psychological historians developed the philosophies for the chemical explanations of behavior (biological psychology), the hormonal explanations of behavior (genetic psychology), instinctive explanations of behavior, and the theories of motivational behavior (cognitive psychology). Although nurture
on medicine and natural history, to great scientific advantages such as the theory of evolution, classifying living organisms and decoding every strand of DNA in the human body. Biology is the study of life, and all living organisms. The first known biologists were Hippocrates of Kas and Galen of Pergamum, who helped with the understanding of anatomy and physiology. Philosophy is the study of a basis of a particular branch of knowledge or experience. Aristotle was not only a great philosopher
replacing its own material substrata. How can this account explain the empirical unobservability of consciousness? Because the emotions motivating attention direction, partly constitutive of phenomenal states, are executed, not undergone, by organisms. Organisms-self-organizing processes actively appropriating their needed physical substrata-feel motivations by generating them. Thus, experiencing someone's consciousness entails executing his or her motivations. That there is something empirically
set in stone philosophy that contradicts any scientific notion it attempts to deliver. Evolution is the scientific explanation to how organisms developed the forms and functions
The mechanical philosophy of the Scientific Revolution was a contrasting philosophy of nature to Aristotelianism. This is due to the fact that mechanical philosophies held that nature acts like a machine rather than, as Aristotle believed, a living organism. However, mechanical philosophy did not wholly reject the ancient beliefs, due to the fact that seventeenth century philosophies were based off of an ancient mechanism. Betty Jo Teeter Dobbs and Margaret C. Jacob, Newton and the Culture of Newtonianism
The Philosophies of Georg Hegel and Herbert Spencer The Philosophy of Georg Wilhelm Hegel (1770-1801) Metaphysics Georg Wilhelm Hegel aspired to find a philosophy that would embody all human experiences with the integration of not only science, but also religion, history, art, politics and beyond. Hegel’s metaphysical theory of absolute idealism claimed that reality was the absolute truth of all logic, spirit, and rational ideas encompassing all human experience and knowledge. He believed that in
After two early novels that were initially unsuccessful in America, she achieved fame with her 1943 novel, The Fountainhead. In 1957, Rand published her best-known work, the novel Atlas Shrugged. Afterward, she turned to non-fiction to promote her philosophy, publishing her own magazines and releasing several collections of essays until
Michael Tooley, the author of ‘Abortion and Infanticide’, argues that an organism must possess certain properties to possess a right to life. He states that an organism possess a serious right to life only if it possess the concept of self as a continuing subject of experiences and other mental states, and believes that it itself is a continuing entity (p. 44). Furthermore, he argues that there are certain requirements to meet this claim. To say one only has a right to life if it possesses a concept
a representation of antagonism to coexistence, and the sea that the two species inhabit represents the constantly changing universe, emphasizing the novel's endorsement of Daoism as a philosophy for living. Jellyfish react to the turbulence of the sea by subtly drifting, just as people in Daoist philosophy should react to obstacles
world-class researcher and writer covering many topics and his theories have provided illumination, met with resistance, created debate, and generally stimulated the continued interest of abiding readership. His philosophical influence shaped centuries of philosophy from Late Antiquity (284-632 A.D.) through Renaissance (1450-1600 A.D.) and is still studied today with non-antiquarian interests. Though there are many topics at which Aristotle covered extensively, my interests are in his studies of mathematics
The tenets of analytic functionalism worked well at attempting to align the philosophies of behaviorism and the identity theory, and though there are many objections to the theory’s method of formulaic definition of mental states, I find that analytic functionalism is a plausible theory that describes the mind. I find that in determining a means in which to define mental states, analytic functionalism demonstrates an ontological method in which one can characterize the mind using statements that
II, the work of Ernest Everett Just was an African-American biologist and educator best known for his pioneering work in the physiology of development, especially in fertilization of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the development of organisms. In his work within marine biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting. Ernest Everett Just was born on August
shaping force in European thought in the last half of the nineteenth century. Darwin, through observation of organisms, determined that a system of natural selection controlled the evolution of species. He found that the organisms that were most fit and assimilated to the environment would survive. They would also reproduce so that over time they would eventually dominate in numbers over the organisms with weaker characteristics. This new theory was radical and interesting to the scientific world but its