Introduction Carbon exists in different forms such as graphite, amorphous carbon, and diamond, among others. Its graphitic carbon has a hexagonal and crystalline structure that easily cleaves which in turn makes it a soft material and effective lubricant. Its widely occurrence in earth’s crust makes it one the most abundant elements. Carbon presents itself in different allotropes such as Graphene, fullerenes and carbon nanotubes. Some of these allotropes have proven to be conducting and others to
fourth for of solid carbon after amorphous, graphite and diamond forms. Fullerene chemistry has provided a new dimension of aromatic and a new platform for discussion of mathematical techniques pertinent to large cages. They are basically, large carbon cage molecules. These fullerenes have attracted great interest a large number of physical and chemical properties. These properties of nanostructures strongly depend on this size, shape and chemical compositions. This property leads to very interesting
strongest ever measured, but also due to its excellent electrical, thermal, mechanical, electronic, and optical properties. It has high specific surface area, high chemical stability, high optical transmittance, high elasticity, high porosity, tunable band gap, and ease of chemical functionalization which helps in tuning its properties (Geim et al, 2007) Moreover, graphene has a multitude of amazing properties such as half-integer room-temperature quantum Hall effect (Novoselov et al, 2007), long-range ballistic
Introduction Lanthanum (La) is a member of the rare earth elements (REEs), which consist of a group of 15 trivalent metallic elements with similar properties. Lanthanum is mostly dangerous in the working environment, due to the fact that damps and gasses can be inhaled with air. This can cause lung embolism, especially during long-term exposure. Lanthanum can also cause cancer with humans, as it enlarges the chances of lung cancer when it is inhaled. Finally, it can be a threat to the liver when
Graphene is a single thin strongly packed layer of pure carbon atoms that are joined together in a hexagonal honeycomb matrix. In more comprehensive expression, it is a carbon allotrope arranged in a flat sp2 bonded atoms with a very small molecule bond length (0.142 nm). Graphite is formed by the arrangement of graphene layers on top of each other, with tiny inter planar gaps (0.335 nm) (Cohen-Tanugi and Grossman, 2012). This quite novel material has progressed rapidly toward scaling up production
which can be replicate of human capillary environment. With growing interest in application of the MEMS technology in biology, the study of biophysical properties of the cells has gained further importance. Cells are the most basic and functional part of the complex living systems and study of biophysical (electrical and mechanical) properties of the cells provides an inspection to physical and chemical status of biological organisms. In the past two decades, a number of new approaches are used
because of their versatile individuality. The treatments of cancer malignancy using focused or focused pharmaceutical shipping. Various Nanodevices can be used without any side effects. They mainly include Dendrimers, quantum dots (QDs), cantilevers, Nanotubes, Nanopores, Nanoshells and Eco-friendly Hydrogels. Discussion The emergence of nanotechnology in the health sciences has led to a new discipline known as nanomedicine, whose main objective is to develop tools to diagnose, prevent and treat diseases
a honeycomb; the crystal lattice is composed solely of hexagons (Berger). Graphene is highly versatile, it has many interesting properties and it can be used in various electrical and medical applications. All forms of carbon can be represented by graphene. Graphite is stacked graphene. Buckyballs (carbon spheres) are just bent graphene. Even the famous carbon nanotubes can be made by rolling graphene into a cylinder (Berger). Basically, no known material compares to graphene. “Graphene has a high