transfer data and convert it according to the protocols used by the receiving network. The devices on a LAN are known as nodes, and the nodes are connected by cabling through which messages are transmitted. Types of cables include twisted-pair wiring, coaxial cable, or fibre-optic cable. Nodes on a LAN can be wired together in any of three basic topologies, known as bus, ring, and star. As implied by their names, a bus network is more or less linear, a ring network forms a loop, and a star network
employees would have no reason to know the person on the line was representing LJM unless he or she said so. In mid-2000, as Enron Broadband Services was negotiating to sell some fiber-optic cable to LJM2, an LJM2 employee named Anne C. Yaeger called the Enron unit and grilled it about Enron's valuation of the cable, without identifying herself as an LJM staffer, according to a former employee familiar with the matter. Full Text: Copyright Dow Jones & Company Inc Aug 26, 2002 When Enron Corp. was
of Ethernet supports a data transmission rate of 10 Mb/s. Newer versions of Ethernet called "Fast Ethernet" and "Gigabit Ethernet" support data rates of 100 Mb/s and 1 Gb/s (1000 Mb/s). An Ethernet LAN may use coaxial cable, special grades of twisted pair wiring, or fiber optic cable. "Bus" and "Star" wiring topologies are supported. Ethernet devices compete for access to the network using a protocol called Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD). Token Ring & Fiber Distributed
television is defined as a television system that transmits images on a ‘closed loop’ basis, where images are only available to those directly connected to the transmission system. The transmission of CCTV images may involve the use of coaxial cable, fiber-optic cable, telephone lines, infrared, and radio transmission systems” (CCTV – Definitions). What is video surveillance? “Video surveillance is defined as surveillance by CCTV for direct visual monitoring and/or recording of activities on premises
INTRODUCTION Thi parpusi uf thi Virozun FIOS fobir uptoc cebli Riqaorimints Menegimint Plen os tu isteblosh e cummun andirstendong uf huw riqaorimints woll bi odintofoid, enelyzid, ducamintid, end menegid fur thi Virozun FIOS fobir uptoc cebli prujict. Riqaorimints woll bi dovodid ontu twu cetigurois: prujict riqaorimints end prudact riqaorimints. Prujict riqaorimints eri thi sit disoris odintofoid tu miit thi niids uf thi prujict end insari ots echoivimint end prumptniss tu hend uvir tu upiretouns
Fiber Optics What are Fiber Optics? Fiber optics are thin transparent fibers of glass or plastic enclosed by a material of a lower index of refraction and that transmit light throughout their length by internal reflections. Real fiber optic cables are made out of very pure glass, glass so pure that if it were miles thick, light would still be able to pass through. The fiber optic strand, although thin in diameter, is stretched to miles in length. Therefore only the purest of glass would be
types of media forms on wired communications and they all do a different job. Wireless Technologies could be satellite links or Radio communication. They all have good and bad points to discuss. Wired Technology could include twisted pair, Fibre optic or broadband over power lines. Wireless communication has transformed the way we communicate to each other.
system will be installed using the existing cabling. The connection that will be used to tie the buildings together will use fiber as a transmission medium. Each of the four buildings is tied together using previously installed multi-mode fiber optic cable. Prior to the installation of this system, this fiber was referred to as “Dark Fiber”, meaning it was not used and therefore no light was being transmitted through it. During the construction of 2 of the 4 building, Structured Cabling was installed
Fiber Optics Assignment Many modern medical materials and equipment work on a principle which is beyond the capacity of human transducers. Comment and discuss the working principles of an endoscope, uteroscope or a rectoscope showing the illuminating path, the image path, transmission path and the liquid transfer or operating instrument ducts, showing the position of suitable valves. This will therefore explain how light travels through an optical fibre and show how such fibres are used in medicinal
to see every other node. A bus topology was one of the first topologies used in that it consists of a single bus (aka: backbone). Typically this is a coaxial cable where nodes can connect via a T' connector which allows the bus to continue to the end of the cable. Due to the nature of this design when the data reaches the end of the cable if it's not properly terminated (which kills the signal) then we can receive what's called bounce back. This ricocheting of the data could severely hinder the
the receiver of a message or information. Generally, transmission media in computer communications are divided into two categories i.e. bounded and unbounded media. Bounded media are the physical pathways for broadcast information like fiber optic cable while unbounded media is transmission through air like cell phone signals. The bounded media is also known as wired media because it involves physical links while unbounded media is also known as wireless media. Notably, the quality and characteristics
hollow pipes or transparent rods to transmit images for television or fascimile systems. Heinrich Lamm was the first person to demonstrate image transmission through a bundle of optical fibers. Holger Moeller applied for a Danish patent on fiber-optic imaging, but was denied based on other research Abraham Van Heel and Harold H. Hopkins presented imaging bundles in the British Journal Nature at separate times.Van Heel later produced a cladded fiber system that greatly reduced signal interference
Interactive Cable Archives and Videoconferencing The integration of technology into curriculum and instructional practices in P-12 education has been gaining momentum in classroom reform across the nation (Mowre-Popiel, Pollard, & Pollard, 1994). Interactive and digital technologies are now recognized as tools by which educators can bring unique resources into the classroom (Schutte, 1998; Wise, 2002) and engage students in dynamic, self-constructed learning (Branzburg, 2001). The use of technology
Fiber optics Thesis: Some of the important features of the fiber optics that we are interested are discussed below. Now a days we are using copper wires as they are the most cost effective and reliable interconnect in parallel machines. However as machines grow more powerful, wire density becomes critical making fiber possible alternatives because of their small wire size. Fiber optics are used mainly to use effectively its high bandwidth. On a single fiber lots of information/data can
The Combining of Cable TV and the Internet The Telecommunications Act of 1996 opened the way for cable TV (CATV) companies to become full-fledged telecommunications companies, offering two-way voice and data communications services, in addition to television programming. After passage of the Act, the cable companies were eager to expand into the new fields of business that had been opened to them, especially the rapidly growing Internet Service Provider (ISP) business. The biggest hurdle facing
Polarization Introduction: PART ONE: POLARIZATION Method 1: Two polarized disks were put into a grooved holder with their polarization axes lined up, and a bright red light emitting diode (LED) was placed on one side, and a light sensor was placed on the other side. Light intensity was measured as a function of the plastic rotating polarizer angle from 0 to 180 degrees. Science Workshop was used to measure the intensity for every 5-degree rotation (Fig 1). Method 2: The mineral calcite
Investigating the Speed of Water Waves Introduction In this experiment I will be investigating the wave speed, of waves on water in a tray, and how this speed is affected. Waves can be longitudinal, when the particles move in the same direction as the direction of the wave, or it can be transverse, when the particles move at 90o to the direction of the wave. Water waves are transverse waves even though transverse waves cannot travel through liquid. This is because the waves travel
at the age of 75 in Syracuse. It is said that he was killed by a Roman soldier, who was offended by Achimedes, while the Romans seized Syracuse. Archimedes had a wide variety of interests, which included encompassing statics, hydrostatics, optics, astronomy, engineering, geometry, and arithmetic. Archimedes had more stories passed down through history about his clever inventions than his mathematical theorems. This is believed to be so because the average mind of that period would have
At the University, he studied both physics and medical physiology. There, his doctoral teacher was Andreas von Ettingshausen. Mach received his doctorate in physics in the year 1860. Earlier his work was composed of working on the Doppler Effect in optics. After receiving his doctorate, Mach went on to teach mathematics as a professor at the University of Graz. He was a doctoral advisor to Heinrich Gomperz, another austrian physicist. Although he was teaching mathematics, his interests were still with
Robert Bunsen and Niels Bohr. The discovery of Fraunhofer lines was based on earlier work in the field of optics, and lead to many discoveries in astronomy, chemistry, and physics. In 1604, Johannes Kepler published the book Astronomiae Pars Optica. The book has been considered by many to be the basis of all modern optics. In his research, Kepler discovered many of the fundamental principles of optics (Molecular Expressions). He discovered how the eye bends light in order to form an image. He was one