Travel Writing As I stepped out of the aeroplane, the heat hit me. You can always feel it straight away when you go some place warm. Anyway, I began walking towards our bus, pushing my suitcase trolley along with a squeak every time the front right wheel made a complete turn. I approached the bus and a random man seemed to come from nowhere, took the cases, and just threw them into the little hatch under the bus. He had an extremely unusual serious look on his face. I just left him to it
the fourth energy level. The energy level determines the size of the orbital. Within each energy level, there is a sublevel that represents the shape of the path the electron takes. The number of possible shapes within an energy level is equal to the energy level number. In the copper atom, the electrons reach the fourth energy level, therefore there are four “l” values: l=0(s orbital), l=1(p orbital), l=2(d orbital), l=3(f orbital). There is then another sublevel called the magnetic quantum number
An Atomic Orbital When the a planet moves around the sun, you can plot a definite path for it which is called an orbit. A simple view of the atom looks similar and you may have pictured the electrons as orbiting around the nucleus. The truth is different, and electrons in fact inhabit regions of space known as orbitals. Orbits and orbitals sound similar, but they have quite different meanings. It is essential that you understand the difference between them. The impossibility of drawing
Pluto: A Planet? Many issues have arisen from the debate whether or not Pluto is a planet. Some astronomers say that Pluto should be classified as a “minor planet” due to its size, physical characteristics, and other factors. On the other hand, some astronomers defend Pluto’s planet status, citing several key features. Indeed, most of the problem is that there is no formal definition of a planet. Furthermore, it is very difficult to invent one that would allow the solar system to contain all nine
Molecular Structure Lab Objective: For this experiment we took two different molecule and virtually dissected them finding everything about them including: bond length, bond angles, the charge on each atom, the non bonded distances between atoms and the energy difference between the highest and lowest molecular orbital. Procedure: The procedure is to use HyperChem Lite to get the information needed from each molecule. But explained in full on page 16 and 17 in the lab manual. Data: The following
Covalent Bonding and Molecular Geometry Objective The objective of this exercise is to help in understanding the geometric relationships of atoms in simple molecules and the relationship of hybridization to the geometry present. Discussion In the last 30 years, data obtained from spectrometric measurements, Xray and electron diffraction studies, and other experiments have yielded precise information about bond distances, angles, and energies. In many cases, the data confirmed conclusions
Introduction: “Proteins are large, complex molecules that play many critical roles in the body” (Genetics Home Reference, 2014, p. xx-xx). “They do most of the work in cells and are required for the structure, function, and regulation of the body’s tissues and organs” (Genetics Home Reference, 2014, p. xx-xx). “Proteins are made up of hundreds or thousands of smaller units called amino acids, which are attached to one another in long chains” (Genetics Home Reference , 2014, p. xx-xx). “There are
An Astronomy Conversation: The Future of Space Travel An Astronomy topic that has always been intriguing is space travel. The ability to rocket into space, look down on Earth, and “…explore strange new worlds, to seek out new life and new civilizations, to boldly go where no man has gone before” (IMDB) is an adventure that people dream of experiencing. On July 20, 1969, an estimated six million people watched Neil Armstrong become the first man to walk on the Moon (Nixon Library). Presently
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was performed to purify the DNA extract. A mastermix was needed to be made for the PCR products, the mastermix volumes were calculated and shown in table 1. PCR is a simple and inexpensive tool needed to focus on a segment of DNA and a copy it a billion times over. (2) This was needed to purify the DNA samples of the patients which were needed in a gel electrophoresis procedure. The agrose gel electrophoresis process uses electricity to separate DNA fragments by
\In-fact, mutations and genetic changes result in defence mechanisms against antimicrobials, where the majority of these changes are a direct result of selection pressure on bacteria to develop resistance.[25, 26] In addition, bacteria may obtain these genes through the process of conjugation where bacteria trade plasmids which contain resistant genes. Plasmids are an extra chromosome element of DNA which are found in the cytoplasm of a bacterium, as illustrated in Figure 2.[25] The process of conjugation
Abstract (½ pagina) This lab report dealt with the analyzation and transmission of genetic traits in monohybrid and dihybrid crosses using Caenorhabditis. Mutations will be either dominant or recessive or X-linked or autosomal. Where using a sterile pick you will pick certain worms and place them in a new petri dish for them to reproduce and observe new progenies, mutations and different crosses. should provide a summary of the entire lab report so that a reader could get the “gist”
removal of hydrogen from the OH group. After separation and purification, an Infrared Spectrum will be run to determine the composition of the recovered material. Infrared Spectroscopy is a very powerful technique used in the determination of molecular structure and the identification of unknown organic materials. The infrared spectrum yields direct information about the presence or absence of key functional groups. “The region of the infrared spectrum which is of greatest interest to organic
Genii’s In the Making “…molecular machines of nanotechnology will increase, by orders of magnitude, our individual and collective capacity to transform desires into material reality” (Crandall, viii). What is the goal of technology? Most answers include some form of ways of increasing speed, or decreasing size all for the ultimate goal of convenience. Ok, so what is convenience? Convenience is the skill level at which something can be achieved, in other words, how desires can be met
Biomedical Sensors- Advancing Medical and Biotechnology Introduction to Sensors Sensors are regarded as small, tiny and intelligent devices that are used to measure physical variable like Temperature, Humidity, Gas, Velocity, Flow Rate, pressure and many others. According to American National Standards Institute, “A Sensor is defined as device which provides a usable output in response to a specified measure.” A Sensor acquires a physical quantity and converts it into a signal suitable for processing
substances. Thus in the present study, the earthworm skin extracts were prepared and subjected to antimicrobial activity which was determined by the agar well diffusion method. The antimicrobial substances showed activity against Serratia marcescens. The molecular weight of the peptide from skin extract was found to be ~3kDa by SDS – PAGE and confirmed by zymogram analysis. Further the earthworm was identified by morphological and COI gene sequence analysis and resulted to be Wegeneriona sps. This study may
compounds across a cell’s plasma membrane. The cell must be able to transport these compounds across the membrane in order to regulate the characteristics of this transport (Reece, 124). The plasma membrane is selectively permeable because of the molecular composition of the plasma membrane, the cell is selective about what comes in and out. (Physio ex 9.1). Cell transport is separated into two distinct aspects: passive transport and active transport. Passive transport refers to the movement of molecules
1.1 What is the microbiome The human microbiome is the collective ensemble of a wide diversity and density of living micro organisms found both in and on the human body (i.e. the collective genome of the human microbiota). Its relevance has become so important as of late that is has taken its place at the top of 21st century scientific discoveries. (Ash 2014) It consists of mostly bacteria but also includes some archaea, fungi, viruses and protozoa. The main microbiome communities active in the body
Annotated Bibliography Ballard O., & Marrow, A. L. (2013). Human Milk Composition: Nutrients and Bioactive Factors. National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3586783/ This article goes into depth on the different components that make up breast milk’s nutrient content. The article also goes over the different types of milks that a mother produces when feeding her infant. It also brings up that every mother’s milk is different because
HISTORY OF BIOTECHNOLOGY Suhail Muzaffar National Centre for Biological Sciences, GKVK Campus, Bellary Road Bangalore 560065, India Keywords: Biotechnology, Ancient Biotechnology, Classical Genetics, Discovery of DNA, Genetic engineering, Outline of the Chapter Sl. No. Contents 1 Overview 2 Biotechnology Time Lines 3 Periods of Biotechnology History 3.1. Ancient biotechnology 3.2. Classical biotechnology 3.3. Modern biotechnology 4 References 1. Overview The term “Biotechnology” was first
that our novel split-Cre complementation system introduces both temporal and special control of site specific recombination using Cre recombinase enzyme. This system solved many drawbacks have emerged during the extensive use of Cre recombinase in molecular biology. The complemented protein is almost as efficient as the Full CRE in the recombination activity (~95%). Moreover, each fragment lacks the recombinase activity. This system allows precise genetic manipulation. It has a special importance in