methods of communication is Mobile Ad Hoc network (MANET). It is also referred as Mobile mesh network. It is an automatic-configured network of mobile devices which are connected by the wireless links. It is a new technique of wireless paradigm for the mobile hosts. These Ad Hoc networks are not like the traditional wireless networks that rely on a fixed infrastructure but these hosts are dependent on each other so that the network is connected always(Advanced Network Technologies Divisionn.d.).
A network is a group of two or more computer systems which are linked together to communicate with one another. It is a telecommunication network that allows computers to exchange data. In computer networks, networked computing devices pass data to each other along data connections. The connections between nodes are established using either cable media or wireless media. The best-known computer network is the Internet. Different systems share resources available in the network. Shared resources can
INTRODUCTION In recent years, Mobile ad hoc network is used due to increasing number of mobile devices such as mobile phones, laptops, PDA etc., An ad hoc network consists of infrastructure based ad hoc network that depends on pre-constructed infrastructure made of fixed nodes and infrastructure less ad hoc network that does not depend on pre-existing infrastructure and it is dynamically cooperate with set of independent nodes. A Mobile ad hoc network is self-organized network without infrastructure connected
Source Routing in Ad-hoc Wireless network. Print ISBN: 0 79239697 0 Odom, W. (2008) CCNA ICND2 Official Exam Certification Guide Second Edition ISBN: 1 58720 181 X Lv, X., Li, H., Wang, B. (2012) Virtual private key generator based escrow-free certificateless public key cryptosystem for mobile ad hoc networks ISSN: 19390114 Panko, R., R. (2009). Business Data Networks and Telecommunications. Print ISBN: 0 13615340 2 Zaliwski, A. (2005) Computer Network Simulation and Network Security Auditing
Overview A wireless Local Area Network (LAN) is a moderate to high-speed flexible data communications system implemented as an extension to, or as an alternative for, a wired Local Area Network (Kolawole, 2014). In wireless LAN transmission making use of radio frequency to communicate over the air eliminates or at least minimizes the use of physically wired networks. From the beginning, IEEE 802.11 was designed to look and feel like IEEE 802 wired networks to include supporting all of the protocols
CHAPTER 3 Routing Protocols The nodes in Ad hoc network are free to move in random fashion within the network region due to which the network topology changes randomly or dynamically. This random movement of nodes plays an important role on the performance of routing protocols[30,31]. Considering the node mobility feature it is essential to choose a suitable routing protocol based on the network environment. Because the nodes are mobile in nature and are moving randomly anywhere so its an important
In 2011 almost 30,000 people lost their lives in car accidents in the United States. Although the numbers are decreasing each year, it is still more than 82 people per day. That number is equal to a large airplane crashing every three days, nevertheless people heavily use and rely on cars everyday. Furthermore, traditional traffic light control causes delays, congestion, unnecessary fuel costs and pollution. Advances in technology made within the last twenty years have impacted our lives in numerous
INDEX 1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Wireless sensors Deployment 2 1.2 Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks 3 1.3 The Physical Architecture of WSANs 3 1.4 Difference between WSNS and WS 4 1.5 Requirement of WSNs 5 2. Wireless Ad-Hoc Network 5 3. Current Issues and solution 6 3.1 Key management issue for future 9 4. Advantages, Disadvantages and Applications of WSNs 10 5. Conclusion 11 6. References 12 List of figures
Introduction Wireless networks have grown in popularity. This is largely due to the increase in the value of a network as more users are attached to it. The value added to a network by nature of connecting more devices to it, is summarized in 'Metcalf's law.' Metcalf's law states that if you 'connect any number, 'n,' of machines - whether computers, phones or even cars - and you get 'n' squared potential value.'[1] The incredible growth of the Internet seems to validate Metcalf's law. It then seems
providing access to PR-MS to backbone network. 6) PS-MS ↔ CR-MS: This is needed for enabling interoperability between systems of different kind. Here CR-MS will become a part of PS by reconfiguring itself. 7) PS-MS ↔ CR-BS: This link also serves the same purpose as that between PS-MS↔CR-MS. Additionally if CR-BS has the capability of running the protocol of PS, access service to PR-MS can be provided through it. 8) PS-MS ↔ PS-MS: This link may be useful as ad-hoc network for wireless connection. This is
will leave a network far safer against attackers. A wireless local area network (WLAN) is a local area network using high-frequency radio signals to wirelessly connect two or more devices, often to the internet via a wireless access point within a limited geographical area. The millions of WLANs all across the world can be found in homes, coffee shops, and even in international enterprises. Most of the WLANs deployed today are based on the IEEE 802.11 standards for wireless networks. A group known
Bluetooth : A significant advancement in network technology There has been a plethora of advancements in networking technology over the past decade that have greatly impacted the way people live each day. One advancement in particular would be Bluetooth, which was invented by a group of engineers at a Swedish company named Ericsson in 1988. Bluetooth is used to transfer data over short distances using radio transmissions. The main intent for Bluetooth was to communicate between cell phones, computers
will be exposed to the network management and design in the realistic environments. In computer world, short-distance wireless groups supporting NFC and Bluetooth have agreed to jointly create greater interoperability between the complementary technologies. The meaning of Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short distances from fixed and mobile device, and building personal area network. In many circumstances, short-range wireless network like Bluetooth serves as
1. INTRODUCTION The entire companies always endeavor to get large amount of profit, this is achieved by conducting large-scale production, marketing management, and certainly on product innovation (Sundbo,1997). Providing new services for existing customers can create value, and magnetize new customers, are basic to enlarge the competitiveness of successful the organizations (Edvardsson et al,2010). Product innovation can attract the customer that implicated to companies benefits. In S-D logic perspective
distance ranges from about 1 meter to a maximum of 100 meters.” This suggests that the network is created using low powered radio waves. Devices using Bluetooth are able to transfer data at a rate of 1 Mbps. Bluetooth technology was established to replace cable networking and to establish communication over short ranges. How does Bluetooth work? Standard Bluetooth technology uses radio waves to create a wireless network between devices. In order to do this, a Bluetooth-chip is fit into the consumer’s
In addition to the frequency hopped and direct sequence, spread spectrum multiple access technique, there are certain other hybrid combinations that provide the advantage in the area of cellular mobile communication system. The available wideband spectrum is divided in to a number of subspectras with smaller bandwidth. Frequency Hopped Multiple Access Technique (FHMAT) consists of a direct sequence modulated signal whose center frequency is made to hop periodically in a pseudorandom fashion. In this
Introduction Wireless communication has improved dramatically in the last few years. Their networks are indispensable providing the means for mobility, city-wide Internet connectivity, distributed sensing and outdoor computing [10]. It allows the transfer of messages between people that are on the other side of the world. Without wireless communications people would not have a lot of the devices many 21st century citizens could not live without, namely the smartphone. It is also required for devices
3. How Bluetooth works : To know method of Bluetooth connection, we take an example of the wireless technology being used, so let’s take a phone connected to wireless speaker. First, each device is equipped with Bluetooth connectivity, a feature that requires both software and hardware components. On the hardware side, an antenna-equipped chip in both devices sends and receives signals at a specific frequency. The software interprets incoming Bluetooth signals and sends them out in ways other devices
introduction What is Bluetooth ? Bluetooth is a connecting device that well known among people all around the world. It allows you to talk and share information such as music, voice and video wirelessly. Bluetooth technology uses radio waves just like mobile phones, TV and FM radio.The difference between these device and Bluetooth wireless technologies is the distance because it sends information only to your personal area. About the history, the military discovered the technology used by Bluetooth turns
so vehicles have sufficient amount of energy and power including both processing and storage; so the battery power and storage is not an issue in VANET. Frequent network disconnection-In VANET, vehicles move very frequently on the roads, in the network due to this the link connectivity in VANET also change frequently. The chances of network disconnection are high when the density of vehicle is low. Mobility modeling and prediction-Due to high dynamic topology, mobility modeling and prediction play