Osteogenesis Imperfecta- Pathology Paper Osteogenesis Imperfecta is a disease that beginning when one is in the womb. It is a defect in collagen deposition that reduces bones. This disease makes bones very brittle and weak. These weak bones are often developed during pregnancy and will continue to occur throughout childhood. As stated in Access Medicine, Osteogenesis Imperfecta causes “fragility of bones may be severe enough to limit physical activity or be so mild that individuals are unaware of
these pending questions will be portrayed, and the reader will gain a real understanding of what is currently known about Kabuki Syndrome. Two doctors from Japan, Dr. Niikawa and Dr. Kuroki first discovered Kabuki Syndrome in 1980 ("Kabuk... ... middle of paper ... .... MedicineNet. Retrieved March 25, 2002 from the World Wide Web: http://medicinenet.com/script/main/AlphaIdx.asp?li=MNI&p=A_DICT Mhanni, A., & Chudley, A. (1999) . Genetic landmarks through philately &endash; Kabuki theater
Understanding Otitis Media Otitis media, commonly known as an ear infection, is an infection located in the middle ear, commonly diagnosed in children. In 2006, approximately nine million children (age zero to seventeen) were reported to have otitis media, while medical costing to treat otitis media peaked at $2.8 billion dollars (Soni, 2008). Costing and statistics of otitis media will continue at the increasing rate due to the commonality of the infection. As a result of increasing cases of otitis
Adenoid hypertrophy is a significant cause of childhood morbidity. Enlarged adenoid leads to mouth breathing, snoring, sleep apnea, hyponasality, sinusitis, otitis media with effusion (OME), and abnormal facial development.(1) (Assement of middle ear) Nasopharyngeal obstruction due to adenoid hypertrophy may directly obstruct the pharyngeal ostia of the auditory tube, 2 mechanical obstruction of the Eustachian tube may be an important factor to occuring OME. 3 However, recurrent or chronic infection
Otitis Media with Effusion (OME) can be defined as, “The presence of fluid in the middle ear without signs or symptoms of acute ear infection” (Pediatrics, 2004). It can be said that OME is an invisible disorder, as there are no immediate signs or symptoms of an acute ear infection such as ear pain, fever, or displeasure (Williamson, 2007). However, OME can have very significant consequences in the life of a child. Early identification and monitoring of OME can combat against possible speech and
Otosclerosis is a middle-ear disorder. The hearing loss is usually conductive, affecting the bones in the middle ear that conduct sound to the inner ear. This conductive hearing loss is caused by the growth of a spongy bone-like tissue that prevents the ossicles (bones of the middle ear) from moving well. One of the first signs is a small growth of the tissue in the middle ear. This is often in front of the oval window, which separates the middle ear from the inner ear. This can begin in early
Physics of the Ear The ear is an extraordinary human organ that many people take for granted until it doesn’t function. It is the only device that allows the human to hear sounds in their environment. The ear is made up of many parts that distinguish various sounds through different means. The ear anatomy and physiology along with how sound waves are transmitted into meaningful sounds will help one understand how hearing loss occurs. The ear is made up of three areas: the outer, middle, and inner
an age-related decline of temporal processing in general (Gordon-Salant & Fitzgibbons, 1999; Vaughan & Letowski, 1997), the fact that both visual and auditory perception change with age (Helfer, 1998), an interference of mechanical function of the ear, possible sensorineural hearing loss due to damage to receptors over time (Scheuerle, 2000), or a decline in the processing of sounds in midbrain (Ochert, 2000). Each one of these could be a possible explanation; however it is often a combination of
Vision One of the special sense organs is the eye. The main structures of the eye are the sclera, choroid, and the retina. The sclera is known to protect the outer layer of the eye, the sclera have six tiny muscles that connect to it to help control the eye movement. The main function of the choroid is to prevent the scattering of light via the pigmented vascular layer. The choroid is divided into four parts: the haller’s layer, sattler’s layer, choriocapillaris and brunch’s membrane. The iris and
cyst (epithelial cyst) that contains desquamated keratin and grows in the middle ear and mastoid (Thio, Ahmed, & Bickerton, 2005). A cholesteatoma can grow and spread, destroying the ossicles, tympanic membrane and other parts of the ear. They appear on the pars flaccida and pars tensa sections of the tympanic membrane. A cholesteatoma can occur when a part of a perforated tympanic membrane is pushed back into the middle ear space, debris and skin cells can build up forming a growth. It can obstruct
is conductive hearing loss might be the outcome of when sound waves have difficulty getting transmitted from the air outside the ear to the tiny hair cells in the cochlea, which is the inside of the ear, where the sound waves are transmitted as nerve impulses. This type of hearing loss is frequently found in a swimmer's ear. After the sound waves passes through the ear canal it may cause the eardrum [Tympanic Membrane] to throb.
on simple changes to already existing systems. To make this case, I will use the evidence of limb development in a vast array of organisms, the four arches found in the embryological stage of development, the structures inside our noses, and how our ears have come about all due to modifications. There is common plan for all limbs: one bone, followed by two bones, then a bunch of little bones, and finally digits. This array of bones is seen in many species including, but not restricted to bats, whales
audiogram. Air conduction Hearing is measured with pure tones through headphones. The sounds go via the air, down the ear canal, through the middle ear, and to the cochlea in the inner ear. The air conduction hearing thresholds are indicated on the audiogram by X for left and 0 for right. Bone conduction Placing a small vibrator on the mastoid bone be... ... middle of paper ... ...rical activity generated in response to sound along the nerve pathway, also called brainstem, to the brain
The Ear and Hearing Loss The ear is the organ of hearing and balance in vertebrates. The ear converts sound waves in the air, to nerve impulses which are sent to the brain, where the brain interprets them as sounds instead of vibrations. The innermost part of the ear maintains equilibrium or balance. The vestibular apparatus contains semicircular canals which in turn balance you. Any movement by the head, and this apparatus sends a signal to the brain so that your reflex action is to move your
The human ear picks up sound from every direction then translates the data into something that your brain can understand. The ear is unique unlike your sense of smell; taste and eyesight your hearing system relies solely on your physical movement. Objects produce sound when they vibrate in matter, these could be gas such as air, solid like earth or even liquid such as water. Usually we hear and pick up sounds travelling through the air in our atmosphere. If something moves in the atmosphere it will
The Ear and How It Hears The ear is one of the most important organs of the body. Not only does it serve to keep the body balanced, but most importantly it give us the ability to hear. When a noise is made it makes a sound wave. When the sound wave makes it to the ear it makes its way through the three sections of the ear. The ear is able to pick up sound waves and transfer them into nerve impulses that can be read by the brain. Background: A sound wave is pressure variations in air. Sound waves
hypothesized that the cats would be able to respond better to local birds compared to non-local birds. She found that the cats responded more to the loca... ... middle of paper ... ...and sound in their environment as well. A cat’s body language is a result of its mood from a change in its environment like hearing a bird call. Cats will point its ears up and look inventively if they hear a bird call or any other noise that would spark their curiosity. All of these different senses combined with utilizing
Some everyday situations where are hearing is important are at work, at social occasions, learning, and for our own safety. Our ears are intricate pieces of work and there is a lot to the anatomy and physiology of how the ear. The visible or external part of the ear has more of an action like funnel, amplifying sound waves to be captured and easily directed in the ear canal. The Pinna has an interesting role allowing the canal to receive low sound frequencies by reflecting off of the Pinna. The
cochlea. A bone conduction hearing system has three parts: a titanium implant, an abutment, and a sound processor. These three parts work together to transmit vibrations to the cochlea. The titanium implant is placed surgically inside the bone behind the ear. Because it is titanium, a process known as osseointegration is able to happen, where the titanium implant and the bone actually grow together, making the implant very stable and increasing the effectiveness of the device because the implant and bone
prescription. Otitis Externa or swimmer's ear as it's commonly known, is an acute painful inflammatory disorder of the ear canal. This condition is characterized by a rapid onset of an external ear canal infection, that may extend distally to the pinna and proximal to the tympanic membrane resulting in otalgia, itching, canal edema, erythema, and otorrhea that often occurs after swimming or a minor trauma from inadequate cleaning. This form of ear bacterial infection is often caused by Pseudomonas