Earthquakes are vibrations produced in the earth's outer layer, or crust, when forces pushing on a mass of rock overcome the friction holding the rock in place and blocks of rock slip against each other. The vibrations can range from barely noticeable to verry destructive. There are six types of shock waves. Two are classified as body waves which means they travel through the earth's interior and the other four are surface waves. The waves are changed by the rock types or formations they hit. Primary
Review of Literature I. Introduction to Earthquakes An earthquake is the shaking of the ground caused by sudden release of energy inside the earth's crust. It's the breaking and moving of tectonic plates along a fault line. Earthquakes can range in size from weak where we don't feel them to extremely violent where they actually thow people around and destroy cities. They may be a result of geological faults or other activites such as volcanoes, landslides, mine blasts and nuclear tests. An earthquake
Earthquakes: How they happen and what to expect. What is an Earthquake? Have you ever wondered how it starts and what causes it? Many people spend everyday studying this to find answers. In theory scientists do know that an earthquake is the shaking of the ground caused by sudden release of energy inside the earth's crust. This is also known to scientists as the breaking and moving of tectonic plates along a fault line, which than creates seismic waves at the epicenter. The earthquake has
On Earthquakes An earthquake is a shaking or trembling of the crust of the earth caused by underground volcanic action or by the breaking and shifting of rock beneath the surface. The volcanic action and shifting rocks create strain which continues to build to a sudden release of pressure resulting in a shock wave. The vibrations produced in the crust can vary from barely noticeable to enormously destructive. Shock waves can be classified into two broad categories. Waves that send particles
I chose to research earthquakes and the prediction of earthquakes because I was curious as to how they work. In this paper, I will discus the history of earthquakes, the kinds and locations of earthquakes, earthquake effects, intensity scales, prediction, and my own predictions. An earthquake can be defined as vibrations produced in the earth's crust. Tectonic plates have friction between them which builds up as it tries to push away and suddenly ruptures and then rebounds. The vibrations can range
When the build up of potential energy around a fault line becomes too great, the two blocks of rock slip suddenly past each other as the built-up energy is transformed into kinetic energy. As the blocks of rock are jolted violently an initial shock wave radiates from the area where the slip occurred, also known as the focus. As the rocks continue to slip back and forth, more shock waves are sent out. After the initial slip occurred at a depth of around 6km on the Port Hills Fault, the rupture spread
Geomorphic hazard: Earthquakes Earthquakes are natural disasters that are also referred to as a ‘quake’ or ‘tremor’. It is classified as a geomorphic hazard, which are elements of the physical environment that can cause damage, (economically and environmentally) such as Volcanoes, Tsunamis, Landslides etc. Earthquakes have been around for thousands of years but no one had properly understood the concept. Not one person, but a crowd of geologists and scientists had discussed this hazard and identified
An earthquake occurs when there is a shaking of the Earth, caused by a buildup of energy in volcanic or tectonic form (“Earthquakes”). Essentially, an earthquake results from sections of the Earth moving, causing slippage. When two chunks of the Earth slip past each other, the point at which this happens is called the fault plane. In fact, an earthquake begins in the hypocenter beneath the Earth’s surface. Next, located right above the hypocenter is the epicenter (Wald). And finally, the main, and
considered one of the largest registered in history happened on a Sunday of March 22, 1960 at around 3:11pm local time in Chile. Its epicenter was registered near the neighborhoods of the city of Valdivia, Chile and had a magnitude of 9.6 on the Richter scale. After the main shock, a series of major Earthquakes were registered between May 21 and June 6 that affected much of Southern Chile. The quake was felt in different parts of the planet and produced a tsunami that hit several towns along the Pacific
Background The continental drift theory and plate tectonics theory was first put forward by the German geologist and meteorologist Alfred Wegener at the beginning of the 20th century. He proposed that there was a single continental in 200 million years ago, and the Earth’s crust slowly separate to pieces by the centrifugal pseudo force because of the rotation of the Earth. On the basis of plate tectonics theory there are two components in the Earth which are lithosphere and asthenosphere, the upper
With the effort of geologists over the years, there is more quantitative method to determine magnitude of an earthquake by peak ground velocity (PGV) and peak ground acceleration (PGA) and other factors. For instance, the Richter magnitude scale is a quantified scale developed by energy release during an earthquake (Robert, 2012). It is also very important to engineers to identify earthquake motion by ground displacement, velocity and acceleration, although it is very complex, it is very useful to design