The change in enthalpy for the combustion of magnesium metal Abstract ======== Hess’s law of heat summation states that the value of DH for a reaction is the same whether it occurs directly or as a series of steps. This principle was used to determine the change in enthalpy for a highly exothermic reaction, the combustion of magnesium metal. Enthalpy changes for the reactions of Mg in HCl (aq) and MgO (s) in HCl (aq) were determined experimentally, then added to that for the combustion of hydrogen
Investigating the Effect of Concentration of Dilute Hydrochloric Acid with Magnesium Metal Aim: To investigate the effect of concentration of dilute hydrochloric acid when it reacts with magnesium metal. Scientific Knowledge: Concentrated acid contains many acid particles. In order for a reaction to take place acid particles must collide with magnesium atoms breaking the chemical bonds, there must also be enough energy within the reaction for them to collide; otherwise they would simply
of Magnesium Oxide and Determination of its Empirical Formula Background When elements react to form compounds they do so in specific ratios. The formula that describes the smallest whole number ratio for elements in a compound is the empirical formula. In this experiment, you will heat magnesium in air (a source of oxygen) to generate magnesium oxide. By analyzing the mass of the magnesium and oxygen that have reacted, you will determine the number of moles of each present in the magnesium oxide
pungent odour. This shows an electronic structure of 2,8,7. chlorine has 3 shells (period 3) and 7 valence electrons (group 7). Group 7 are known as halogens. Since chlorine has 7 outer electrons and is a non metal, it can form ionic and single covalent bonds. Ionic bonds can be formed as the metal looses an electron and chlorine gains it completing its outer shell. Covalent bonds are formed by sharing the seventh electron, for example hydrogen plus chlorine equals hydrogen chloride or hydrochloric acid
The purpose of our experiment is to figure out the empirical formula of magnesium and oxygen once they are reacted together. Putting the piece of magnesium in the crucible with the lid somewhat open, we induce heat to have the oxygen and magnesium chemically react. The Independent Variable is the elements used, Magnesium and Oxygen. The Dependent Variable is the mass of the elements. For one thing, matter is anything that takes up space, and it is composed of miniscule particles called atoms. Different
Magnesium Magnesium, also known as atomic number 12 was discovered in 1808 by Sir Humphry Davy who was a British Chemist best known for his experiments in electro-chemistry and his invention of a miner's safety lamp (BBC News, 2014). Magnesium is a chemical element with symbol Mg. Magnesium is a light, fairly strong, whitish, silver Alkaline Earth Metal that is the eighth most abundant element in the Earth's Mantle and the fourth most common element on earth, making up 13% of the planet's mass (Winter
1.0 What is water hardness? Water hardness is the amount of calcium and magnesium dissolved in water. When water passes through ground or rocks for example limestone the calcium and magnesium is dissolved into the water thus producing hard water. Water hardness does not easily give good lather with soap. There are two types of hardness, temporary and permanent. Temporary hardness is caused by dissolved calcium and magnesium bicarbonates. Boiling the water can soften temporary hardness, by boiling
Magnesium Notes What is magnesium? Magnesium is one of the lightest Metals. It is a non-toxic and non-magnetic element but does have a very high-impact strength. Magnesium isn’t commonly found alone in nature as an element. It is usually some sort of compound because magnesium is so reactive. http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ Source: Many foods contain Magnesium. Whole Grains. Nuts. Green Vegetables. Soybean Flour. Oatmeal. And many other foods including spices
determine the amount of hydrogen gas that was produced when one started with a certain amount of mols of hydrogen. In fact, the reactants of the experiment were Magnesium and hydrochloric acid, while the products were Magnesium Chloride and Hydrogen gas. In a flask, the correct amount of hydrochloric acid acid was combined with Magnesium metal, and the resulting gas followed a path through a rubber tubing which connected to a gas measuring tube allowing the amount of H2 gas to be observed and recorded
ORIGINS OF MAGNESIUM Magnesium is found in large amounts throughout our bodies. We obtain it predominantly from dietary sources. We can also obtain magnesium in many other places since it is the seventh most prevalent element from our universe. The earth’s crust contains large amounts of this element and we can obtain it from the minerals dolomite and carnallite. It is, however, most commonly extracted from our ocean waters. “Every cubic kilometer of seawater contains about 1.3 billion kilograms
The Magnesium Statue Planning The Problem A statue, which is made of an alloy consisting mainly of magnesium, corrodes at different rates, at different times of the year. Background Knowledge ==================== There are some areas of knowledge that should be taken into consideration to help in devising an experiment to help determine the cause of the problem, and which gave me a greater understanding of the problem. A major factor in the decay of the statue is acid
Bases and Alkalis A base is a compound that reacts with and neutralises an acid. The reaction forms a salt plus water. Alkalis are a type of base - ones that dissolve in water. Alkalis are compounds that react and neutralise acids. Like bases, they form a salt and water in the reaction. Alkalis turn red litmus indicator paper blue and they cause Universal Indicator paper to turn blue or purple. Alkaline solutions have a pH value greater than 7. Alkaline solutions feel soapy and are
Observation: • Magnesium ribbon started to glow when it was heated strongly • There was a change in the colour of magnesium from silver to grayish white • When the lid was opened, white ashes (MgO) escaped from the crucible while heating Evaluation: The purpose of the lab was to determine the empirical formula of a compound (magnesium oxide). In order to calculate the empirical formula, the mass of each element in the compound was determined. Then, the number of moles of each element in the
involving alkenyls/aryl carboxylates to create good carboxylate electrophiles, as elucidated by Li, et al.2 Figure 1: Preparation of Grignard Reagent (Phenylmagnesium Bromide) In this experiment, a Grignard reagent was prepared using bromobenzene and magnesium in diethyl ether (Figure 1). An aprotic solvent (diethyl ether) was used because Mg0 reacts readily with protic solvents to form Mg2+. Figure 2: Formation of 1,1-Diphenylethanol with Grignard Reagent Afterwards, the Grignard reagent was added to
How does Concentration affect the rate of reaction between Magnesium and Hydrochloric acid? Secondary resources: Chemical reactions only occur when reacting particles collide with each other, with sufficient energy to react, this is called the collision theory. The minimum amount of energy required to cause this reaction is called the Activation energy. There are four main factors which affect the rate of reaction. The first factor is: Temperature of reactants: When the temperature
Rate of Chemical Reaction between Magnesium and Hydrochloric Acid Aim: - ====== I plan to investigate the effect of temperature, to see if it increases or decreases the rate of reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric acid. Prediction: - ============= I predict that as the temperature of the hydrochloric acid increases, the quicker the rate of reaction will be. This is due to the molecules in the hydrochloric acid gaining energy from the heat. Consequently, the molecules
the class of organometallic compounds known as metallocenes. Ferrocene consists of iron metal coordinated to two cyclopentadienyl rings, one on each side of the metal. It was discovered accidentally by Pauson and Kealy, as they were trying to make fulvalene. More generally, these compounds can be classified as sandwich complexes. In a sandwich complex the metal centre lies between two pi bonded ligands. The metal centre in ferrocene is bonded to all 5 carbon atoms of the Cp ligand. To prepare ferrocene
C) Electrical fires/ electrical equipment such as motors, transformers, and appliances. If power or electricity is removed then a class C fire becomes a fire of one of the other classes D) Combustible metals such as alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, semi conductors. For example potassium, magnesium, aluminum K) Cooking oils and greases such as animal fats and vegetable fats Why each so specific: Water and foam: extinguishes fire by taking away the element of fire from the fire triangle. The foam
Finding the Empirical Formula for Magnesium Oxide The Results In order to work out the ratio for magnesium and oxygen, I will have to calculate the amount of magnesium and oxygen used. [IMAGE] From these results, and knowing that the Ar for Magnesium is 24, and the Ar for Oxygen is 16, I can find the number of moles for Magnesium and Oxygen. Investigation 1: Magnesium = 36.08 - 36.04 = 0.04g Oxygen = 36.11 - 36.08 = 0.03g Magnesium Ar = 24 Oxygen Ar = 16 --------------------------------
metallic element that is greyish-silver in colour and has the atomic symbol of Ca. It is a group 2 alkaline earth metal and is the 5th most abundant element by mass in earth’s crust. It is also reactive with water and is relatively soft. It is an essential element for organisms, and is major material that is used in the materialisation of teeth, bone and shells. It is also the most abundant metal located within animals. 1. When and how the element was discovered including who discovered it and the circumstances