Kumar, V. and Swaminathan, Srinivasan (2012) ' studied the impact of coupons on brand sale and how that impact decays over the life of the coupon. The authors use an econometric model to demonstrate the coupon effect in terms of equivalent price reduction, account for coupon effect over time, allow inference of coupon effects when retailers decide to double or triple the coupon value and provide both self-coupon and cross-coupon elasticities at different levels of aggregation. Results indicate that
This study of migrant youth’s transition and attachment to the urban labor market use data from the 2008 Migrants Household Survey (MHS). The survey was conducted in 15 principal migrant-receiving cities. Respondents were interviewed at their workplace. A random sample of more than 8000 rural migrant workers from 5,000 households participated in the survey. The average age of the migrant workers is 29 years. More than half of the migrant workers are male. Questionnaires cover detailed standard demographic
Bicycle has been used as an important mode of non-motorized transportation to enhance the transportation sustainability, and reduce air and noise pollution, as well as, a reduction in traffic congestion compared. Moreover, the use of bicycle also contributes to slow down the climate change and improved health, according to Human Factors/Ergonomics (HF/E) professionals (1). In recent years, increasing population densities and social sentiments toward sustainability as the main driving forces has
Customer satisfaction is noted to be an ambiguous area with no conceptual framework, especially in public transportation (Kostakis & Pandelis, 2009). Customer Satisfaction is indeed intangible and a central concept in marketing literature (Angelova & Zekiri, 2011), business and the academic world (Tikkanen & Alajoutsijaui, 2002). It has attracted an increasing interest and importance since 1950’s till today (Bilgin, 2010). The actual manifestation of satisfaction would differ from person to person
The following four empirical studies focus on the topic of bystander intervention. Each study focused on various aspects of how bystander intervention related to a particular situation. Fischer & Greitemeyer (2013) studied the how the positive bystander effect was impacted in a field study. There had been a substantial amount of laboratory studies done on the subject, and field studies were lacking. They observed individuals at a subway station in a Germanic city. This field experiment was used
Farming is a significant part of rural economy in South East Nigeria, even in the aftermath of flooding. However, increasingly livelihoods are becoming diverse. This study was based on farming household-level analysis of adaptation that focuses on tactical decisions farmers make in response to floods. These tactical decisions are influenced by a number of socioeconomic factors that include household characteristics, household resource endowments, access to information and availability of formal
variable victimization, and seven independent variables, including family income, gender, race, marital status, age, frequency of nighttime activities, and major daily activities. They made all of the variables to be dummy variables and fit them to logit models. The results suggested that besides the significant influence of socioeconomic variables, night activity showed direct influence on individuals’ victimization on both violent crimes and property crimes. While both night activity and daily activity
Univariate analysis is the simplest form of quantitative (statistical) analysis. Univariate analysis explores each variable in a data set, separately. It looks at the range of values, as well as the central tendency of the values. It describes the pattern of response to the variable and also describes each variable on its own. Univariate analysis was performed so as to facilitate more complicated analyses, like bivariate and multivariate analysis. Univariate descriptive statistics describe individual
This essay reviews a selection of the literature on healthcare-related inequalities, with the aim of illuminating how we can differentiate between fair and unfair, and between avoidable and unavoidable, inequalities in health. This essay also reviews some of the more common methods used to measure healthcare inequalities and discusses their limitations. Some policy considerations are provided at the end. In a society, inequalities in health outcomes, healthcare access and healthcare utilisation are
The first law of geography states that “Everything is related to everything else but near things are more related than distant things” (Tobler, 1970 p236). In statistics, we call this phenomenon as spatial autocorrelation. In general sense, we can define the spatial autocorrelation as the extent to which objects or activities in the geographical proximity are related to other objects or activities on the surface of earth. In spatial analysis, we are dealing with information that is quite distinct
McGuigan, Moyer & Harris (2014) price elasticity of demand measured by the changes that affect at least one-factor price, advertising, promotion, packaging or income levels (p.64). However, my supervisor needs the elasticities for each independent variable using the regression equation above and adding values, P= 500, PX= 600, I= $5,500, A= $10,000, M=5,000. Adding the P, PX, I, A, and M value to the regression table: QD= - 5,200 – 42(500) + 20(600) + 5.2(5,500) + 0.20(10,000) + 0.25(5,000) = 17
Obesity is one of the most prevalent diseases throughout the world. In the United States, it attempts to affect the Hispanic population. Health promotion can be considered significant in reducing the element of obesity among Hispanics and its elderly’s. There can be certain factors affecting the success of a health care initiative. This assignment focuses on exploring health promotion initiatives, the effectiveness of the initiative and discussing certain initiatives taken by different organizations
Ratio analysis is used to evaluate information from financial statements to understand the results, financial status, and cash flow of the company. Ratio analysis is used to show the overall production of a company to educate personal such as; a credit analyst, lender or stock analyst. A company’s financial information, the profitability, debt, activities and investments all come from different venues. The information is gathered and presented in a financial statement that companies have been using
Introduction In this essay, I will give brief review notes for “Access to Capital Structure, and the Funding of the Firm” (Omer Brav 2009) which will be focused on the goal of this easy, how and why the theoretical hypotheses are tested and what are the findings. Some discussions about data, methodology used and theory defects will also be included in this essay for critical comment. Content Objective Since earlier capital structure theories are usually subject to public companies, it is
Alternative courts emerged to address a variety of criminal behaviors to both reduce the number of low-priority offenders entering the criminal justice system and produce recidivism rates among habitual offenders. These courts include drug courts, DUI courts, mental health courts and others to address specific crimes types. These courts were initially implemented in Miami, Florida, in 1989 to address the sheer volume of non-violent drug offenders entering the criminal justice system (see McColl,
April 1987. London: IIED. Chambers, R., and G.R. Conway, 1992. Sustainable Rural Livelihoods: Practical Concepts for 21 st Century. Institute of Development Studies Discussion Papers, 296, Cambridge. Chilot Yirga and Hassen, R.M., 2008. Multinomial Logit Analysis of Farmers’ Choice Between Short and Long – Term Soil Fertility Mangement Practices in the Central Highlands of Ethiopia. Ethiopian Journal of Agricultural Economics, 7 (1): 87-107. CSA (Central Statistical Authority), 2006. Population Estimates
Chapter 2 Literature review Theories The theories discussed in this research are the marketing mix theory. Basically, there are four elements of marketing mix theory which can influence customer purchasing decision on notebook such as product, price, place and promotion. The marketer should carefully analyze the customer behavior on buying a notebook and find and implement the suitable marketing mix strategies into their product marketing. Furthermore, marketer should know how exactly the implementation
High Speed Rail is modern passenger trains that have the capacity to move at an average speed of 250km/h or more, on purpose-built tracks. The Shinkansen in Japan, the French TGV (Train à Grande Vitesse) and the German ICE (Inter-City Express) are just some of the example of High Speed Rail. Currently there are new railways under construction or being planned in countries including China, Portugal, Russia, Vietnam, United States, and India. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the feasibility
Qualitative and quantitative research methods take different approaches to gathering and analysing information. Whether it is a qualitative or quantitative study, the research study begins with a question or series of questions. Both use rigorously designed studies to get the most accurate, detailed and complete results. Qualitative studies common methods are interviews, surveys and observation. A qualitative study aims to provide a detailed description of the study results, often using pictures