ROLE OF LOGIC IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Shreya Chaturvedi 2014A7PS147P Nishant Khosla 2014A8PS356P Introduction to Logic Logic is the study of the methods and principles used to distinguish correct and incorrect resoning.It is a tool to develop reasonable conclusions based on a given set of data. Logic is free of emotion and deals very specifically with information in its purest form. It is a branch of philosophy that features extensively in Mathematics and Computer Science. The basic
from a logical perspective. In doing so, individuals must understand “the basic principles of logic”. According to D.Q. McInerny, in her book Being Logical, there are four principles of logic. This includes, the principle of individuality, the precept of the excluded middle, the principle of sufficient understanding, and the principle of contradiction. Along with the principles of logic, the language of logic should be taken into account with arguments. The principle of identity entail’s “things”
concept of logic is defined by the Webster Dictionary as “a proper or reasonable way of thinking about or understanding something”. The concept of logic is a way of thinking, solving, reasoning, and almost a state of mind given the right circumstances. Logic is a broad statement because it could mean an abundance or lack of logical thinking, or use of. Logical thinking is what prevents people from making poor decisions, and sometimes a lack of thinking creates unwanted effects. Logic is normally
ability to think, to determine, to analyze and to feel. Logic and emotions are tightly connected in different senses of human life: at home doing common things, while studying or working, while driving back home, organizing a trip. Logic can be examined as a studying course in the framework of philosophy, or as a method of reasoning in everyday life. It dates back to Ancient Greece and Rome and still develops applying its rules to everyday life. By logic a person can more precisely and purely help to build
Mathematical logic is something that has been around for a very long time. Centuries Ago Greek and other logicians tried to make sense out of mathematical proofs. As time went on other people tried to do the same thing but using only symbols and variables. But I will get into detail about that a little later. There is also something called set theory, which is related with this. In mathematical logic a lot of terms are used such as axiom and proofs. A lot of things in math can be proven, but there
use of a method and the application of a procedure play within any conceptual process: communicable by virtue of the codes and the prescribed norms, comparable in every time and place by virtue of the reproducibility of the procedures. Euclidian logic begins with the inductive definition of very simple concepts and gradually constructs a vast body of results, organised in such a way so that each concept depends on the previous. Thus, a strong and rigorous construction is derived that makes all operations
Logic of the Absurds Man's fundamental bewilderment and confusion, stems from the fact that man has no answers to the basic existential questions: why we are alive, why we have to die, why there is injustice and suffering, all this serve as the impetus for such a thinking. Man constantly wonders about the truth of life and realizes that the more you expect from it, the more it fails you or may be the more we expect from ourselves the more we find ourselves engaging in a futile battle with the
Philosophy 103: Introduction to Logic The Nature of Logic Abstract: Some of the uses of logic are illustrated, and deductive arguments are briefly distinguished from inductive arguments. I. Logic is the study of the methods and principles used in distinguishing correct from incorrect reasoning. B. Logic differs from psychology in being a normative or a prescriptive discipline rather than a descriptive discipline. 1. I.e., it prescribes how one ought to reason; it's not concerned with how one actually
Logic can be defined as the subject that teaches the rules for correct and proper reasoning or in simpler terms, it can be best described as common sense. Some refer to the "science" of logic but logic is really more than just a science. The science part “is the knowledge of the principles, laws, and methods of logic itself.” (Dolhenty, J; 2002). Logic must be put into action or else the knowledge provided within the science of logic is of little use. “We can, therefore, also speak of the "art" of
Boolean Logic Many of our computer databases utilize boolean logic as the basis of querying the database. Boolean logic has a much older history than most computer users imagine. It is helpful to understand the background and theory behind this concept, because this theory is the foundation on which contemporary computer science and information technology has been built. George Boole was an English mathematician. Born in 1815, he had no formal higher education, but had a natural gift for mathematics
Logic and Moral Dilemmas ABSTRACT: Logic is of great importance for the philosophy of education. In particular, logic provides a rational and critical approach in ethics, helping us understand the nature of moral dilemmas. Some suggest that all moral dilemmas result from some kind of inconsistency in the moral rules. Unsolvable moral situations simply reflect implicit inconsistencies in our existing moral code. If we are to remain moral as well as logical, then we must restore consistency to
Between Logic and Heuristic* ABSTRACT: This article aims to construct a new type of logical calculi-logical heuristic calculus which contains the means of reducing complete search. Such a heuristic component of calculus is reached with the help of meta-level means. The principal means for reducing search is structural information about information about contrary literals of formula. There are two major approaches to studying the process of reasoning («problem-solving»). On one hand, it is
of the dog in the night-time” written by Mark Haddon demonstrates the limitations and obstacles that the protagonist Christopher Boone faces due to his limited ability to empathize and understand emotions. Christopher’s mind is strictly bounded in logic and science hence he often misunderstands people and societal norms and values. The creative work which I’ve created demonstrates this theme based on three quotations from the text. I chose to create a sculpture using a transparent container, marble
one simply guess and take a risk, or does it take deeper consideration and thought? Logic, reasoning, and intuition commonly are set to oppose each other, but a possibility requiring great consideration is the fact that they tend to work together each time to produce better, more intelligent results. Primarily, reasoning displays high importance in the existence of logic. That connection between reasoning and logic is closely linked to intuition. Furthermore, a common misleading statement of a logical
the real father of logic” (Thompson, 1975, p. 7) and although it may be a minor exaggeration, it is not far off the truth. Aristotle’s ideas on philosophy and logic were great advancers in Western culture, and are still being discussed and taught today. The ancient Greeks focused their mathematics on many areas, but one main question continuously asked by the Greeks was “what are good arguments?” (Marke & Mycielski, 2001, pg. 449). This question brought about the study of logic. Aristotle’s philosophy
Timeline of Logic and Logicians Aristotle (383-321 BC) Aristotle is often regarded as the father of Philosophy. Aristotle published works on biology, logic, metaphysics, psychology, meteorology, politics, literary criticism, poetry, drama, and ethics. Aristotle’s contribution to medicine were immense. In his work “The Organon” which is translated to “The Instrument” are the logical treaties of implying formal logic. Aristotle’s work on logic revolves around the notation on deductive logic, an example
Logic is defined as the science which studies the formal processes in thinking and reasoning. Lawyers have the job of navigating through the legal system to make valid arguments that are in favor of their clients. In order to be successful, lawyers must come up with a reason or set of reason(s) to persuade a judge, or a jury that an action or idea is right or wrong. These reasons are known as arguments and they require the use of logic so that they are clear and acceptable to a judge or a jury. Therefore
When we talk about topics such as Logic and Mathematics, we tend to think of certain, only abstract concepts. The word ‘Logic’ in this title can mean an analysis of a hidden structure associated with syntax of propositions, while the word ‘Mathematics’ can be defined as a specialized kind of abstract language. The title itself follows the concept of opinion and proposition that states both Logic and Mathematics are nothing but specialized linguistic structures, meaning these topics are considered
Substitutivity The problem of substitutivity has always been a thorn in the side of the study of semantic logic. Why does it sometimes appear that terms that refer to identical objects cannot be replaced with each other in propositions without altering the truth value or meaning of said proposition? Leibniz's Law would seem to ensure that we could perform such an action without anything significant having changed, but this is clearly not so. I intend to look at the history, not only of this problem
fields of biology, psychology zoology and philosophy to name a few. Aristotle’s most notable work in the philosophy was his study on logic. He almost singlehandedly created a foundation for the study of logic that is still viable to this day. While logic is the science of correct reasoning, it is not strictly limited to debate and creating arguments. His study of logic is applied to many scientific fields, one of which includes rhetoric. Rhetoric is the art of using language, whether spoken or written