different from zero. The statistic for this test is where T is the sample size, m is the number of lags and is the estimated autocorrelation coefficient. The null hypothesis for this test is that the coefficients are all jointly zero and has a distribution. The alternative hypothesis is that at least one of the coefficients is not equal to zero and implies the presence of serial correlation. We can estimate the Ljung-Box statistic in Eviews by creating a correlogram for the series rlsp500. In the
PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS (PSD) There are several mathematical distributions used for PSD’s, the 2 main distributions are Gaussian and Log-Normal. The Gaussian distribution is less common, and due to the fact that it is plotted with a regular scale it is asymmetrical. The Log-Normal distribution is plotted on a log x axis, hence this makes it more symmetrical and easier to read. Another distribution is a multimodal distribution, which has more than 1 maximum. 5 A study was done that compares the
Probability Distribution Functions I summarize here some of the more common distributions utilized in probability and statistics. Some are more consequential than others, and not all of them are utilized in all fields.For each distribution, I give the denomination of the distribution along with one or two parameters and betoken whether it is a discrete distribution or a perpetual one. Then I describe an example interpretation for a desultory variable X having that distribution. Each discrete
The Gaussian distribution—a function that tells the probability that any real observation will fall between any two real limits or real numbers, as the curve approaches zero on either side. It is a very commonly occurring continuous probability distribution. In theory, Gaussian distributions are extremely important in statistics and are often used in the natural and social sciences for real-valued random variables whose distributions are not known. Gaussian distributions are also sometimes referred
Is there a difference between the hardness of a small rock and a larger rock? Shockingly there isn’t. A small rock will be comparable in its hardness to the larger rock of the same type. This quality is because of the physical property of the rock. Similarly, everything in nature including compounds like haloalkane and haloarene has some physical properties as well as chemical properties. In this topic, we will understand more about the physical properties of haloalkanes and haloarenes. Physical
In Malcolm Gladwell’s book Outliers, he defines an outlier as someone who does something out of the ordinary or differently. The author is very credible and has a few awards for writing, “Outliers.” We should listen to Gladwell because some of his information is knowledgeable and can help with everyday life. His purpose is to teach us about the many rules that are being described in the book. The main intended audience would have to be the world and how he displays his values to millions of people
The IQ test is an arcane yet widely-accepted method for attempting to quantify the intelligence of human beings. It uses a series of pattern, arithmetic, or vocabulary-centred questions to produce a result in a numerical score. These scores indicate the level of ‘intelligence’ demonstrated with a score of 100 regarded as displaying average intelligence – 70 or below indicating developmental delays, while a score of 130 and above is considered as especially bright. Contrary to popular belief, the
Jobs stated, "While Jobs was always an intelligent and innovative thinker, his youth was riddled with frustrations over formal schooling. Jobs was a prankster in elementary school due to boredom". This shows how he went through the same hardships as normal people even with himself being considered a "genius". This didn’t stop him from applying his intelligence to things other than school and exams. In his short time attending Reed College, he spent only six months and later dropped out. He and his later
but they never had anyone, not even one friend to talk to. I see people going up to them starting a good conversation, but they just leave and not say anything. I realized that maybe they have been below average their whole lives and that is just normal for them. They are scared to change, just like me. I don’t want to become popular and out do people. It is okay for people to be below average, maybe they don’t want to talk to people or maybe they have other things on their minds, like focusing on
Normal distributions are very informative in statistics, it is type of continuous distribution. It is often used in both natural and social sciences to help shed light on random variables where their distri-bution is not known. The three features of normal distribution are 1. It has a bell shaped curve. 2. The total areas under the curve is equal to 1. 3. The bell shape is symmetrical. 2. How is the average of a normal distribution measured and what should be the relationship be-tween the three
The Juxtaposition of the Normal and the Abominable How do the Authors illustrate this description of World War One? Pay Particular attention to the Details they Highlight and the Methods and Language they Used to do so? 'The Juxtaposition of the Normal and the Abominable' How do the Authors illustrate this description of World War One? Pay Particular attention to the Details they Highlight and the Methods and Language they Used to do so? 'In the trenches behind the lines, men and women
of random variables known as time series (Markov chain). The values of variables change at the fixed points of the time. Continuous time stochastic processes are presented as a function whose values are random variables with certain probability distributions. The values of variables change continuously over time. Good examples of stochastic process among many are exchange rate and stock market fluctuations, blood pressure, temperature, Brownian motion, random walk. A Markov chain is a stochastic process
d_ij=x_ij/(∑_(i=1)^m▒x_ij ) q_j (6) Where; x_ij is the value that corresponds measure of performance of the i -th alternative and j -th attribute and q_j represents the weight of ach attribute. d_ij represents dimensionless weighted value. The weights of attributes can be calculated using Equation (7). q_j= ∑_(i=1)^m▒d_ij (7) The alternatives are distinguished by beneficial (maximizing) attributes and cost (minimizing) attributes. 〖s+〗_i= ∑_(j=1)^n▒d_ij (8) 〖s-〗_i= ∑_(j=1)^n▒〖d_ij
considered for calculating the maximum allowable pathloss whereas for CDMA, WCDMA and LTE networks COST 231 Hata model is considered, which is the extension of Hata-Okumura model. The Hata- Okumura Model [4] is formulated as, 44.9 6.55log log (2) ( ) [69.55 26.16log 13.82log ] h d dB L dB f h a h t p t m The factor a(hm) is the effective MS antenna height correction
Measures of spread and dispersion Measures of central tendency are not the only statistics used to summarise a distribution . We also have to identify the spread of the distribution of the data set. Spread defines how widely the observations are spread out around the measure of central tendency. Note that the words, spread, dispersion and variation denote the same meaning. The most commonly used measures of spread are range, variance and standard deviation. The scales of measurement appropriate
B. IMPLEMENTING SUN SITE SHADE SITE Thickness of bramble leaf/ mm 0.31 0.30 0.25 0.26 0.31 0.29 0.27 0.26 0.33 0.32 0.29 0.25 0.35 0.34 0.27 0.27 0.29 0.25 0.29 0.32 0.25 0.33 0.36 0.31 0.37 0.34 0.27 0.36 0.28 0.29 0.22 0.17 0.24 0.19 0.19 0.21 0.22 0.18 0.16 0.22 0.16 0.19 0.22 0.19 0.17 0.19 0.17 0.19 0.20 0.16 0.22 0.21 0.18 0.19 0.15 0.20 0.16 0.21 0.19 0.18 Mean bramble leaf thickness / mm 0.30 0.19 Light Intensity /
An SPSS data analysis was conducted to synthesis and analyse the raw results. Through the SPSS software, a t-test was conducted for the three sets of data obtained. For hypothesis 1 and 2, an independent t-test was conduced and for hypothesis 3 a repeated measures t-test was conducted. An Independent-samples t-test with an alpha level of .05 was used to compare children with a traumatic brain injury against an orthopaedic control. At both 7 and 13 years old, those in the OC group had a higher mean
1. Using Stat Crunch, calculate the chi-square statistic and degrees of freedom for the following set of data for 300 people: Group A Group B Group C Total Had flu shot 20 30 32 82 Didn’t have flu shot 80 70 68 218 Total 100 100 100 300 Cell format Count (Percent with flu shot) (Percent of Group) (Percent of total) (Expected count) Got the Flu Shot? Group A Group B Group C Total Yes Percent with flu shot
that it is a myth. In fact, being different from one another is the only thing that is truly normal. But despite this, sometimes it is much easier to compare yourself to others. Bierce defines this as pain or “an uncomfortable frame of mind that may have a physical basis in something that is being done to the body, or may be purely mental, caused by the good fortune of another.” One’s luck to be normal can fuel the envious feeling that results in pure self-deprecation. And unfortunately, many, if
According to the website Mathworld, an outlier is “an observation that lies outside the overall pattern of a distribution” and it usually “indicates some sort of problem.” Malcolm Gladwell, author of “Outliers,” defines an outlier as “something that is situated away from or classed differently from a main or related body” or “a statistical observation that is markedly different in value from the others of the sample.” That being said, Gladwell’s definition of an outlier is partially consistent with