The bilirubin in the liver is transported across the hepatic cell membranes, where it binds to ligandin a hepatic protein for the process of conjugation. An enzyme in the liver conjugates bilirubin, which converts it to water-soluble bilirubin pigments that can be excreted into the bile and exit the body. Bilirubin pigments which are not excreted from
condition that occurs from having too much bilirubin in the blood. Bilirubin is formed when red blood cells are broken down into protein and heme fragments. Heme is composed of unconjugated bilirubin, which binds with albumin and is transported to the liver where it combines with glucuronide to form conjugated bilirubin. Typically, the conjugated bilirubin would be excreted in the urine or feces once it is metabolized as urobilinogen. If the body is unable to rid itself of the bilirubin, it causes a yellowing
The pancreas is the organ of the upper part of the abdomen that is about 6 inches long . The flattened head of the pancreas is surrounded by part of the small intestines called the duodenum and the body lies behind the stomach with the rest of the tail in front of the left kidney. The main functions of the pancreas is to secrete alkaline juice with enzymes, amylase and lipase, and secrete insulin and glucagon. Amylase and lipase helps diges t fats, protein, and carbohydrates from food
The liver is the largest organ in the body. It has many important and vital functions. Therefore, it must be healthy in order for someone to survive. A liver detoxifies the substances that are harmful in the body, makes sure the blood is purified and produces nutrients that are very important. When the liver is not able to function properly and starts to deteriorate this is known as a condition called Cirrhosis. The healthy liver tissue is replaced with scar tissue and the blood flow throughout
IgM is the first antibody response against hepatitis A and ALT, which is a marker for liver damage raise as well. These two still present around 3-6 months post infection. IgG appears after IgM and persists for years. Hepatitis A vaccine is recommended for risk groups such as healthcare workers, travelers to endemic areas, IV drug users
3.3.2.2. Hepatitis This is the inflammation of the liver. The hepatitis virus is a major cause of hepatitis in humans. However, the condition can be induced by various infections and medical conditions, such as excess intake of alcohol, medications, toxins, and autoimmune disease. There are five types of hepatitis virus which include: hepatitis A, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, hepatitis D, hepatitis E. (“Hepatitis | NIH: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases,” 2015) 3.3.2.2.1. Causes
Saliva is a watery liquid that is produced by the salivary glands (Martini et al., 2015). There are three pairs of salivary gland; the parotid, sublingual and submandibular. Each of these glands have different cellular structure and produces saliva with slightly different content that preforms different functions (Martini et al., 2015). The parotid salivary glands which is the largest produce a serous excretion that contains high amounts of salivary amylase which helps in the breakdown of complex
Jennifer Wells Dr. Mehta ENGL 2610.001: Assignment #1 3 November 2017 Can the People See? A Look at Blindness in J.M. Coetzee’s Waiting for the Barbarians There are varying degrees of blindness. There is complete blindness, where one is unable to see anything. There is limited blindness, where one is able to discern some things, but others may be outside of the field of vision or too blurry to distinguish at all. Also, there is selective blindness. This is where one chooses not to see things. It
Passing of poop, stool or faeces is regarded as a normal phenomenon in the human physiology. Poop is regarded as the solid waste matter discharged from the intestine after digestion of food has taken place through the anus. Poop is a collection of water (which makes up about 75%), bile, undigested food like fibre, fat, inorganic salts and dead bacteria. Majority of the food you eat can affect your poop in its consistency and its colour. How your diet affect the consistency of your poop Poop
ingestion of toxic amount over a period greater than eight hours. The mechanism of liver injury is related to the fact that small amounts of acetaminophen are converted to a toxic metabolite. The toxic metabolite binds with liver proteins to cause cellular injury. The amount of toxic metabolite produced and the ability of the liver to remove this metabolite before it binds to liver protein influence the extent of liver injury. Pathophysiology: Oral acetaminophen is rapidly absorbed from the stomach
cirrhosis is among the leading causes of chronic liver failure in the United States. Recent research conducted by the National Institutes of Health indicated that the prevalence of cirrhosis, especially in clients diagnosed with Hepatitis C, has increased steadily throughout the past decade and will likely continue to increase in the future (Kanwal et al., 2011). Caused by recurrent tissue damage and inflammation, cirrhosis occurs as healthy hepatocytes (liver cells) are replaced by fibrotic and non-functional
*Warning: graphic detail of my experience on a liver flush is shared here. A few months ago I visited the dermatologist after eight months of suffering with what seemed like acne on my face, neck, and back, as well as psoriasis on the back of my scalp. I’m a strong believer in the connection between mind and body so I knew that the onset of this was related to what was going on in my life though I still couldn’t seem to get rid of it. On the day of my appointment, I was watching YouTube as I was
The Effects of Alcohol on the Body Alcohol is one of many dangerous substances that effects our bodies. The effects of this drug can be very harmful. Alcohol is a potent non-prescription drug sold to anyone over the national legal drinking age, 21. Unlike other deadly drugs it is easy to access. This makes it easy to over-consume and create a tragic accident, even death. It can damage a person not only physically but also mentally and emotionally. Many people each year become more and more addicted
------------------------------------------------------------------- Outline of method You add ice to 150cm³ of cold water in a beaker to bring its temperature down to 10cº. Then a fixed volume of hydrogen peroxide is added to a pre-weighed piece of liver contained in a test tube. Then the maximum height reached by the foam produce was tabulated. For temperatures that were needed to be higher then room temperature, boiling water was heated in a kettle then added to reach the desired temperature
"To See What Factors Affect The Decomposition Of Hydrogen Peroxide By The Enzyme Catalase Which Is Found In The Liver" Introduction: Enzymes are biological catalysts. They speed up the chemical reactions which go on inside living things. Without them the reactions would be so slow that life would grind to a halt. Enzymes work by when a substrate molecule bumps into a molecule of the right enzyme, it fits into a depression on the surface of the enzyme molecule. This depression is called the active
students because it will lead to the development alcoholism. College students who drink a lot, while in a college environment, will damage themselves mentally, physically, and socially later in life, because alcohol adversely affects the brain, the liver, and the drinkers behavior. The customs that college students go through are mostly a result of the environment they live in. The walls of college sports arenas everywhere have advertisements from alcohol industry sponsors somewhere, even if it
circulation of blood to the liver of the human (2). Research has indicated that once the sporozoites arrive in the livers sinusoidal cavities they stop their movement by using two major surface proteins, the circumsporozoite and the thormbospondin-related adhesive protein (3). Research Page 3 of 6 conducted by Pradel et al. suggests that the sporozoites use these surface proteins to attach to proteoglycans in the sinusoidal extracellular matrix to slow their travel through the liver and then bind to chondroiten
Introduction: Glycogen storage disease is the result of a defect in the synthesis or breakdown of glycogen that is found in muscles, the liver and many other cell types. This disease may be genetic or acquired and is usually caused by a defect in certain enzymes that are important in the metabolism of glycogen. To date, there are 11 different classifications for glycogen storage disease but this paper will focus on glycogen storage disease type 1 (GSD I), also known as von Gierke’s disease, after
largest organ in the human body is the liver. It weighs on an average of 3 pounds. It filters out harmful substances in blood and turns what we eat and drink into energy the body can use (American Liver Foundation).The liver is a vital organ in the human body, almost as import as the heart. Autoimmune hepatitis is life threatening form of liver inflammation, in which the body’s immune system attacks liver cells causing scarring otherwise known as cirrhosis, liver failure, and if not caught in time transplantation
Liver cancer, more formally known as hepatic cancer, is a cancer that affects the liver. It originates in the liver, rather than spreading from any other parts of the body. Liver cancer generally goes unnoticed until the cancer is fairly advanced, making it very dangerous. On average, it affects 3 out of every ten thousand people. In some countries, it’s the most common form of cancer there is. Liver cancer is one of the most deadly cancers throughout the world, accounting for more than 600,000 deaths