Free Ketone bodies Essays and Papers

performance. Ketone synthesis occurs as a vital approach to survive and protract human lives on the occasion for the body is isolated from regular energy source supplements or normal energy metabolism pathways are disturbed, for instance, prolonged starvation, uncontrolled diabetes, and extreme fat and inadequate carbohydrate dietary intake. The Liver mainly assumes responsibility of ketone body production named ketogenesis from fatty acid during under the terms of low glucose level. Produced ketone bodies

prior to parturition that does not increase at the same rate as energy requirements for lactation. This metabolic stress results in altered nutrient metabolism and immune system dysfunction. This processing of metabolic energy resources causes ketone bodies to accumulate in bodily fluids such as milk, blood and urine . While clinical cases of ketosis are generally less that 5%, some studies estimate the incidence of subclinical ketosis at up to 40% . The disease is more common in regions managed

get a number of unknown organic compounds. Which i have to identify by using a number of different chemical and physical techniques. The only thing is known about the compound is that it contains one of the functional group: alcohol, aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, phenol and ester. Therefore I devised a sequence of tests that would identify which one of the groups the sample contains. The flow chart below shows the chemical techniques, which I will use to identify the functional group of

Annulation Reaction. In Robinson’s words (1935), this reaction involves a ketone that “might undergo double cyclisation” with formation of a new structure (p. 1533). The Robinson Annulation Reaction constructs a new ring (for example, a six-membered ring) from the original starting ketone found in the reactants. Typically, a structure known as an enolate (the anion formed when an alpha hydrogen in the molecule of an aldehyde or a ketone is removed as a hydrogen ion and contains a double bond because it

with benzaldehyde or p-fluorobenzaldehyde respectively. One equivlanet (0.1 Mmol) of a ketone and aldehyde were added to 1 mL of 10% sodium hydroxide in a 10mL round bottom flask. The reactions were stirred with a magnetic stir bar and allowed to react at room temperature for 1 hour. After 1 hour, thin layer chromatography (TLC) was conducted to determine if the reaction was complete and predict which ketone and aldehyde combination yielded a desired product. The TLC was conducted by diluting

Discussion: The synthesised ethyl cinnamate weighed 0.56 g, which was equivalent to 140% of the theoretical yield of 0.414 g. This excessive yield was resultant of the impurities within the product, where the solvents, particularly the dichloromethane, were not sufficiently removed from the product. In figure 3, the peak at 5.22 ppm with a normalised intensity of 1.00 evidenced the significant proportion of the dichloromethane in the product, and the peak at 0.88 ppm with a normalised intensity of

Identifying features and key components of unknown chemical mixtures are an essential part of chemistry. In many cases it is necessary to analyses and understand the chemical makeup of pharmaceuticals. Qualitative analysis is a method of testing a chemical mixture to determine its chemical makeup, such as its functional group. Identifying functional groups of an unknown compound are important, as it helps in understanding how a chemical acts under certain conditions, such as when changing physical

Purpose: To help students identify the functional groups in a mixture of two compounds by interpreting the IR spectroscopy, measuring the boiling point, comparing the physical and chemical properties of an unknown with a known substance. In addition, students will learn how impurities affect the boiling point and solubility of a substance. Procedure: The student will read the IR spectroscopy of the unknown first. Then perform various tests and measure the boiling point. Beilstein Test The Beilstein

their structures. With a multitude of carbon compounds existing in this world, there was a need for a way to organize all of them by their characteristics. A few of the many functional groups include alcohol, aldehydes, amines, esters, ethers, and ketones. The substance that seems most interesting is benzoin, which is characterized in two of the functional groups mentioned. It is involved in many different processes and is widely used in foods, mainly baked products. Benzoin is viewed as off-white

show 2 characteristic absorption’s in the range of 2720-2820 wavenumbers. No such absorption’s were present in my sample. Therefore my final product was the oxidation of the secondary alcohol. My final product had a primary alcohol and a secondary ketone Bad Things I really don’t have that many bad things to write about. I forgot to shake my sep funnel after my first addition of dichloromethane. I had to redo that step. Also, there is a very slight chance that a little bit of dichloromethane could