Introduction: Onchocerciasis is a disease of public health and socio-economic importance in Ethiopia. Onchocerciasis, commonly known as “river blindness” is caused by the parasitic worm Onchocerca volvulus it is transmitted to humans by a bite from infected black flies. Worm larvae that are transmitted develop into adults and settle into the fibrous nodules on the human body and produce microfilariae. Prolonged infection to the parasitic worm can lead to blindness and depigmentation of the skin.
complex decisions about which drugs offer the most promise. • Investing time/money into drugs for rare diseases is risky (because the pool of recipients is small). • There are enough people with river blindness ... ... middle of paper ... ...f ivermectin in the first place. Furthermore, we wouldn’t want to risk Merck going out of business, as it seems they had the capability to produce many useful medications. They’d already proved to make six useful, safe, and powerful drugs—the medical world
Canine Heartworm Disease Canine Heartworm Disease is a serious and potentially fatal disease caused by the parasite Dirofilaria Immitis. The disease can infect over 30 species, including humans, however dogs are the definitive host. The most common way this disease is transmitted from one animal to the next is through mosquitoes. A mosquito carrying infective heartworm larvae bites a dog and transmits the infection to them. The larvae grow, develop, and migrate in the body over a period of
that 5% of people living in affected areas have died from O.volvulus, due to microfilariae overload (Udall, 2007). On the positive side, 96% of once affected regions is no longer susceptible to the infection, due to education and administration of ivermectin(Hopkins, 2013). All in all, blindness is the probably the biggest complication of onchocerciasis (Sace,
The Meningeal Worm Infestation of up to 20 meningeal worms has been discovered in a single deer’s subdural cavity. The white tail deer is the preferred host, but they rarely ever suffer from any sickly or neurological problems from this type of worm. We will see severe signs in llamas and alpacas; these are the two animals that can become infected with it frequently. The meningeal worm can cause damage to the central nervous system and could result in death so it is important to try and catch
Merck had developed an antibiotic, Ivermectin that was used to treat parasites in animals. Dr. William C. Campbell, a Merck senior researcher, found evidence that the same drug might be effective against the parasitic worm that causes river blindness. After much consideration, Merck decided to research Ivermectin’s effectiveness in preventing river blindness. That research, including human clinical trials, showed that the drug indeed was effective with no side effects. After searching for an organization
1 Organizing Veterinary Drugs For my final essay, I will be classifying different veterinary drugs we use daily into proper categories to help others learn and study each group to know which type of drug is necessary. The categories I will be explaining today are some of the more crucial drugs we use daily on animals and should be well known and categorized for optimal treatments. These include the following: 1. Analgesic opioids and anesthetics are common pain-relieving drugs and help us induce
The Lymphatic System The Lymphatic System consists of tissues and organs such as the tonsils, thymus, lymph nodes, lymph glands, lymphatic vessels, spleen, Peyer’s Patches (found in the small intestine), appendix, bone marrow and lymph. These are the states of the lymphatic system when it is in a healthy state. The lymphatic system works with the immune system in providing the body protection from harmful diseases and infections. The lymphatic system regulates interstitial fluid protein. Its function
Drug companies such as GlaxoSmithkline and Merck & Co. Inc. have donated 230 million drug treatments of albendazole and ivermectin to many poor countries in Africa and South Asia. The drug is estimated to cost approximately $0.25 per person a year, and it was donated for free. The goal is to eliminate the disease which will help reduce poverty due to the disability that the
Rebecca Thomas 10/17/15 Ms. Jennrich Global Health HSM 210 Lymphatic filariasis, commonly known as Elephantiasis, is a tropical disease which causes major damage to the lymphatic system. The lymph system in the human body maintains the balance of fluids as well as battles infections. This disease is caused by a type of parasite called nematodes (roundworms), which are microscopic worms which slither their way inside the affected people’s bodies and harbor there. It usually is transmitted during
Organic farming is agriculture that relies on techniques such as crop rotation, green manure, compost, and biological pest control. While many farmers boast organic farming, only the USDA (United States Department of Agriculture) can actually determine if the farm is truly organic. If a farmer or individual is caught labeling their products as organic when they aren’t USDA certified organic, they can face a fine of $11,000.00 per offense. There are different levels of organic. For produce or other
Introduction Microbes are the smallest organisms that cannot be seen by human naked eyes. But, microbes can be observed under the microscope. Microbes include viruses, bacteria, protozoa and fungi. Microbes commonly harmful to human but some are beneficial. Microbes play important roles in human life. Nowadays, microbes are used in various types of industries like food industry, biomedical industry and agriculture or our environment. Microbes are important to our environment because they used
Scabies While sitting around your house, watching television, you notice that you have been scratching your arm and in between your fingers for a little while. After taking a closer look you notice something that you assume is a rash and just ignore it. The next day however you notice that the rash has spread and that you think you see burrows in your skin. Then it hits you, the weekend that you spent away on vacation in that not so expensive hotel to save a couple of dollars has now cost you more
This paper tells about different methods as to which parasites enter the body. Each parasite is unique as to what problems they cause or diseases they carry. Some of these parasites can prove fatal unless treated, and if they are not treated carefully, they could still complicate an individual’s health. This paper also includes the places these parasites thrive and as to how to treat these parasites. Although most of these parasites are treatable, the treatment required is completely dependent upon
INTRODUCTION Helminthes in the field of microbiology refers to all groups of parasitic worms namely; cestodes (tapeworms), tremadodes (flukes) and nematodes (round worms). Soil transmitted helminthes refers to a group of parasitic diseases in humans transmitted through contaminated soil. These infections are caused by round worms such as Ancylostoma duodenale , Necator americanus, Ascaris lumbricoides, and Trichuris trichuria. Soil transmitted helminthes diseases have become the most common parasitic
Dying patients and their desperate families without hope to save them due to the lack of necessary infrastructure to serve them, it is one of the pictures frequently seen in rural areas of poor countries. For low-income people health is a utopia even in developed countries. The United States has advanced technology, and successful surgical procedures; however it has a health system in crisis. Cities such as Boston, New York, Atlantic City have tried to find the solution to amend the health sector
The use of horses for human consumption dates back to the earliest use of animals for human consumption. Horses are used for food in many counties but are also considered inhumane in other countries. In the United States specifically, horsemeat is not the norm for consumed meat. There seems to be a problem that has arisen. It is suspected that horses being slaughtered at horse slaughtering factories are not the most up to date, pain free for the horse, and human as people suspect them to be like
History Heartworms are a parasitic nematode of mammals and have first been observed in Italy in 1626 (3). Later the parasite was introduced to the Americas by European immigrants leading to the earliest recorded heartworm finding in the United States in 1847 published in The Western Journal of Medicine and Surgery (3,5). In 1995 the intracellular Gram-negative bacterial endosymbiont Wolbachia, belonging to the order Rickettsiales, was identified to reside in the heartworms tissue (4).Today heartworm