In order to better understand the concept of isomerism, it is good to begin at the root of the word itself. Isomerism can be broken down from ancient Greek language. In Greek, iso means “same”, while meros translates to “part.” From this, one can deduce that isomerism is a concept associated with similar parts. Essentially, isomerism in chemistry is defined as having two or more molecules containing the same number and kind of atoms, but differing in structure and/or function. Today, one can learn
Purpose: The purpose of this experiment is to determine the absolute configuration of an unknown chiral secondary alcohol using the competing enantioselective conversion (CEC) method. This method uses both R- and S- enantiomers of a chiral acyl-transfer catalyst called homobenzotetramisole (HBTM), in separate parallel reactions, and thin layer chromatography to identify the stereochemistry of the secondary alcohol, whether it be an R- or S- enantiomer. Quantitative analysis was performed using a
are connected in the molecules. They have different IUPAC names, the identical or different functional groups, various physical properties and different chemical properties. Structural isomers are further separated into chain isomerism, position isomerism, functional isomerism, metamerism and tautomerism.
Since the foundations of stereochemistry were first considered by Louis Pasteur in 1848 and its importance highlighted when he famously said that the universe is chiral (L'Univers est dissymétrique 1) this sub-discipline of chemistry has evolved into an integral area of research in understanding a drug molecules pharmacological effect. The important role of stereochemistry in API (Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient) drug design is reflected in the international regulations and guidelines which address
Preparation of Ethanol and Ethanoic Acid Introduction to report ---------------------- This report contains 5 practical experiments to produce ethanoic acid from ethanol. The first practical is the preparation of ethanol from glucose using yeast during the process of fermentation; this has been demonstrated in class. In this practical the glucose is converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide by respiratory enzymes from the yeast. The ethanol solution will be between 5-15% and the ethanol
Alchemy The science by aid of which the chemical philosophers of medieval times attempted to transmute the baser metals into gold or silver. There is considerable divergence of opinion as to the etymology of the word, but it would seem to be derived from the Arabic al=the, and kimya=chemistry, which in turn derives from the late Greek chemica=chemistry, from chumeia=a mingling, or cheein, 'to pour out' or 'mix', Aryan root ghu, to pour, whence the word 'gush'. Mr. A. Wallis Budge in his "Egyptian
Basic Principles of Echocardiography in Adults with Congenital Heart Disease Anita Sadeghpour 6.1.Basic Principles of Echocardiography in Adults with Congenital Heart Disease Patients with adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) have a range of heart conditions, varying from simple "holes in the heart" to complex single-ventricle anatomy. Some patients have undergone palliation or complete surgical repair, whereas others remain with their native heart condition. In all of these situations, echocardiography
I have been interested in studying Pharmacy since my experience in my home country of Eritrea highlighted by the basic health care system existing there, and I have had the first-hand experience of how the lack of medication affects a community's health. When I moved to the UK and studied GCSE Science I was further convinced that pharmacy is the career that I wanted to pursue. This shaped my choice of A-levels in Biology, Chemistry and Mathematics. Working in a pharmaceutical field will give me the
The definition of radiation is the emission of energy electromagnetic waves or as moving subatomic particles, especially high-energy particles that cause ionization. One of the scientist who discovered radiation was Henri Becquerel, the way the French scientist discovered radioactivity was when we was conducting an experiment with uranium-bearing crystals to sun light, then put it on a photographic plate, he then had set off his experiment for a few days because it was very cloudy and the sun wasn’t
correlated chemical type. In simpler words, it means that it is a substance that is composed by two or more substances each that can be able to exist independently. … more infI Dative complexes or coordination complexes Types of Ligands Structure and Isomerism Characteristics of dative bond A dative bond’s characteristics are almost identical to the characteristic of the covalent bond. They have low melting point and boiling point. They also do not conduct electricity in liquid or in dissolved state.
Brief History Jöns Jacob Berzelius, a physician by trade, first coined the term "organic chemistry" in 1807 for the study of compounds derived from biological sources. Up through the early 19th century, naturalists and scientists observed critical differences between compounds that were derived from living things and those that were not. Chemists of the period noted that there seemed to be an essential yet inexplicable difference between the properties of the two different types of compounds. The
Carbohydrates and Lipids Unit 2: Biochemistry of Macromolecules Humera Ishafaq Carbohydrates and Lipids Introduction Carbohydrates are the most numerous classes of bio-organic compounds in the biological sphere. The element forms a great percentage of the earth’s biomass, from tiny cells components to the food consumed for metabolic energy. Better understanding of carbohydrate molecules and their formations is of significance. In organic chemistry, monosaccharide’s is the simplest unit of carbohydrates
students). Moreover, cyber bullying is also a serious problem between students and no on can stop it when it has happened. Social media is also destroys easily a relationship if someone finds that their boyfriend or girlfriends send messages to other isomerism (The positive and negatives of using social networking
hydroxyl group on Carbon atom 1 can project below the ring (a glucose) or above the ring (b glucose). Molecules like this, which have the same molecular formula but a different structural formula, are said to be ISOMERS of each other. One type of isomerism, called sterioisomerism, occurs when the same atoms or groups, are joined together but differ in their arrangement in space. The existence of two isomers of glucose is important because it is linked to the way in which polysaccharides are formed