“This salt does not supply iodine, a necessary nutrient.” This makes can make one wonder, what is iodine? What makes it a necessary nutrient? Iodine’s main use in the body is synthesizing hormones in the thyroid gland. When the thyroid does not get enough of this necessary nutrient, it will fail to produce hormones. This is known as hypothyroidism. Iodine deficiency is one of the most common causes of hypothyroidism. Iodine deficiency can be caused by, obviously a lack of iodine intake, however, substances
Iodine deficiency diseases are a group of diseases that are or can be caused by the lack of iodine in the body. Iodine is a dark violet non-metallic element that belongs to a group of halogens but is less reactive than the other halogens. It has a boiling point of 13.5ºc and a melting point of 183ºc, when heated a violet vapor is given out. It can be extracted from seawater, seaweeds, and oil well brines. It is also concentrated in the thyroid gland as a part of the thyroid hormone. Iodine can be
The Landolt Iodine clock reaction is used to show chemical kinetics and reaction mechanisms as well as the effect concentration has on reaction rates. Mechanisms are a very exact and detailed way of telling what happens to molecules at each level in a reaction. Mechanisms include things such as how the molecular geometry of the reagents change throughout the reaction and tells which bonds are broken/formed. In this reaction, two clear liquids are poured together into a beaker and mixed. It yields
detail The Reaction:2 The reaction I am studying is often referred to as an ‘iodine clock reaction.’ A clock reaction is where the time taken to form a definite, small amount of a product at the beginning of a reaction is recorded to work out the rate. This reaction involves the oxidation of iodide ions to iodine molecules which are soluble in water and are visible as a pale brown clear solution. The formation of the iodine can easily be detected because all other species in the reaction mixture are
the ability for the iodide ion to become oxidized by the persulphate ion. Our general reaction can be described as: (NH4)2S2O8 + 2KI Ã I2 + (NH4)2SO4 + K2SO4 (1a) However, we know that in an aqueous solution, all of these compounds except iodine will dissociate into their ionic components. Thus we can rewrite the equation in a more convenient manner: S2O82- + 2I- Ã I2 + 2SO42- (1b) It is important however to note that the NH4 and K ions are still in the solution, they are just unreactive
Investigation to Determine the Effect of Temperature on the Activity of the Enzyme Amylase I am trying to find out if changing temperatures affects the activity of enzymes. The Input variable I will test is temperature; the range I will use for this is 0-80°C. The out come variable to be measured is the speed of the reaction. Hypothesis I believe that at a higher temperature the enzyme will react quicker, but at a certain temperature the enzyme it will stop working
thiosulphate is added to react with a certain amount of iodine as it is made. Without the thiosulphate, the solution would turn blue/black immediately, due to the iodine and starch. The thiosulphate ions allow the rate of reaction to be determined by delaying the reaction so that it is practical to measure the time it takes for the iodine to react with the thiosulphate. After the all the thiosulphate has reacted with the iodine, the free iodine displays a dark blue/black colour with the starch. If
The Harcourt Essen Experiment The aim of this investigation is to: 1) find the rate equation for the reaction between hydrogen peroxide, potassium iodide and sulphuric acid by using the iodine stop clock method and plotting graphs of 1/time against concentration for each variable. Then to find the activation energy by carrying out the experiment at different temperatures using constant amounts of each reactant and then by plotting a graph of in 1/t against I/T, 3) to deduce as much information about
PLANNING Investigating the Kinetics of the reaction between Iodide ions and Peroxodisulphate (VI) ions By the use of an Iodine clock reaction I hope to obtain the length of time taken for Iodine ions (in potassium iodide) to react fully with Peroxodisulphate ions (in potassium Peroxodisulphate). I will do three sets of experiments changing first the concentration of iodide ions, then the concentration of Peroxodisulphate ions and finally the temperature of the solution in which the reaction is
production of thyrotropin which is produced by the pituitary gland” (Gregory, 2014). The most common cause of hypothyroidism in the US is the chronic autoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimoto thyroiditis); but in other parts of the world it is caused by iodine deficiency
titrate the juices and purees with iodine. The literature values for the amount of Vitamin C in each of the samples are:- Source Amount mg/100g Indian Gooseberry 445 Packaged Fruit Juice Unknown Papaya 60 Orange 50 Lemon 40 Packaged Lemon Drink Unknown Variables:- Dependant Variable: - The amount of iodine used in each titration. Independent Variable: - The samples which are being tested for Vitamin C. The amount of Sulfuric acid used in the iodine solution. The amount of each
plateau for both of the different iodine concentration concludes that each system is reaching equilibrium and therefore returning to a homeostatic state. Fick’s Law can be used to better understand the patterns in figure 1. It states that the diffusion rate is equal to the difference in concentration. This means that because the difference in concentration between the two solutions (iodine and soluble starch) used in this experiment were greater when the iodine was at full concentration, the rate
alkaline condition. Lock and Key [IMAGE] Apparatus list: Five test tubes Dimpled tile Starch solution Matches Amylase solution Pipettes (1/gp) Stop watches Splints 250ml beaker H20 bath set at 37ËšC 10ml measuring cylinder Iodine solution Thermometer
The thyroid gland is located in the anterior, middle portion of the neck. Many of the bodies’ hormones come from the thyroid. According to Porth 2011, “the thyroid hormone increases the metabolism and protein synthesis in nearly all of the tissues of the body.” (p. 784). When these hormones are not regulated, a thyroid disorder develops such as hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. Hypothyroidism develops when the thyroid gland does not produce enough of certain hormones. (“Hypothyroidism”, n.d.)
Introduction: Gibberellin is a plant hormone that is involved in the production of amylase which is vital for the conversion of starch into maltose into glucose molecules required for the embryo to grow. It does this by “regulating the genes that are involved in the synthesis of amylase. In barley seeds, it has been shown that the application of gibberellin causes an increase in the transcription of mRNA coding for amylase”. 1(Jones, p.120) Below is Diagram 1 showing the longitudinal section through
thyroid hormones, this is a condition referred to as hyperthyroidism. The causes of hyperthyroidism are known to include: eating too much food with iodine, graves disease, inflammation due to viral infections, tumors of the testes and ovaries, taking a large amount of thyroid hormone, receiving medical imaging tests consisting of contrast dye iodine, and growth of thyroid or pituitary gland (Board "Hyperthyroidism"). With an overactive thyroid, the body tends to speed up its functions. Symptoms vary
Chernobyl The accident On April 26, 1986, Soviet's Union Chernobyl nuclear plant exploded letting out a massive amount of radiation that all Russian citizens would debate for years to come. At exactly 1:21 am. on April 26th 1986 in Chernobyl, a city near the Pripiat River the No. 4 reactor exploded and released thirty to forty times the radiation of the Nagasaki and Hiroshima bombing. The exact causes of the explosion are not known, however scientists and researchers, under thorough investigation
room temperature iodine is solid and gray but when heated iodine transfers straight from a gray solid to a violet purple gas. Iodine is found primarily in seawater, sea weed, old salt brines and salt wells, and costal sand and nitrate deposits. Iodine is formed similar to bromine; chlorine oxidizes the iodide ion (I-) found in seaweed into iodine (I) (McQuarrie, 2007). Silver iodide (AgI) and calcium diiodate (Ca(IO3)2) are the most common minerals of iodine. Although pure iodine is toxic, elemental
household bleach, I would have to titrate this solution, along with an excess of potassium iodide and ethanoic acid against sodium thiosulphate from the burette using starch solution as an indicator. The reason for this choice of indicator is that iodine is turned blue black by the starch solution, and this therefore helps to indicate any colour change that occurs. I began my investigation by measuring out 10mls of household bleach using a measuring cylinder. I poured this into a volumetric
thyroid gland (No TH) o May be autoimmunity (Hashimoto thyroiditis), surgery (thyroidectomy), Iatrogenic (radioactive iodine ablation), congenital o Most common • Secondary: impairment of pituitary gland (no TSH) • Tertiary: impairment of hypothalamus (no TRH) • Subclinical: No manifestations Risk Factors: • People with history of chronic hypothyroidism • Iodine deficiency o Iodine component in creation of thyroid hormones o Uncommon in U.S. because of fortified foods but common worldwide •