CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION The moving load problem is a fundamental problem in structural dynamics. Engineers have been investing the potential hazard produced by the moving masses on structures for many several years. The dynamic response of structures carrying moving masses is a problem of widespread practical significance. A lot of hard work has been accounted during the last ten decades relating with the dynamic response of railway bridges and later on highway bridges under the effect of moving loads
the simulation of evolution theory in which, the initial set of “population” is selected in random, and then successive "generations" of solutions are reproduced till the optimal convergence. Existence of the fittest individual and natural selection operators is the main agenda of GA process. Philosophically one can say that GAs are based on Darwin’ theory of survival of the fittest. Genetic algorithm is a method for solving optimization problems that is based on natural selection, the process that
Economists i.e Modigliani and Miller concluded a theory that the value of an organization is not affected the use of its finances. Raise capital by issuing stock or debt, by following capital structure irrelevance. Since the publication of the papers by Modigliani and Miller, n... ... middle of paper ... ... the fixed/variable cost of operating leverage, the growth rate or maturity, the profitability, taxes payment, control problems, management attitude/experience, rating of the company and the
Consider the following initial value problem: dy/dx = x2 - 1, y(0) = 1 • Suppose we want to use Euler's Method to graph an estimate for the initial value problem with f(x,y) = x2 - 1 given above, on the interval 0 ≤ x ≤ 2. • From the initial value condition, we know that when x =0, y = 1, so we will start at the initial point (x0, y0) = (0, 1). • The tangent line at this point is y = 1 - x. If we
known as the Newton's method that he wrote in 1671 but this method could not be published until 1736, roughly 50 years after Raphson's Analysis.Since they both developed their method's independently, the method is now known as Newton-Raphson method. Problem Statement Newton-Raphson method is of use when it comes to approximating the root or roots of an equation. For a normal quadratic equation there is a well known formula to find the roots. There is a formula to find the roots of a 3rd and fourth
shareholder value a business should follow all the opportunities. To utilize the limited capital in order to increase profit in business capital budgeting techniques is required. Capital budgeting is a long term asset management. According to the definition “The process of analyzing alternative long-term investments and deciding which assets to acquire or sell”. Capital budgeting is an important aspect for the company’s growth and productivity. To avoid company to financial problems capital budgeting
Multiple constraint satisfaction problems (MCSP) is a problem in which a set of values must meet a number of constraints. it has been widely used in AI to solve a wide range of problems. In this thesis we use MCSP to solve the load balancing proble. Therefore, we first review the different algorithms in MCSP and the Dynamic MCSP then we review the load balancing problem. 2.2 Constraint Satisfaction Problem: CSPs are mathematical problems which are defined as a set of values that must meet a number of
Artificial Intelligence Programming Assignment Problem Statements Eight-Queens Puzzle Is it possible to place eight Queens on a chessboard, so that none of the Queens occupy the same row, column, or diagonal? Binary Search Depth-First & Breadth-First Search Newton’s Method Take a number whose square root is to be calculated, any positive number. Take a guess at the number’s square root. Calculate the square root by improving on the current guess as indicated: Next guess
the water heater. This problem was translated to the lab by providing heated water, fish bowl thermometers, styrofoam cups, and all other instruments found in the lab. The thermometer only reaches 45 degrees celsius; therefore, thermodynamic equations need to be applied in order to find the original temperature of the hot water. We also had access to deionized water that was approximately room temperature. Two equations were used in this experiment to determine the initial temperature of the hot
classic genetic algorithm, problem solutions are encoded into bit strings which are tested for fitness, then the best bit strings are combined to form new solutions using methods which mimic the Darwinian process of "survival of the fittest" and the exchange of DNA which occurs during mating in biological systems. The programming of genetic algorithms involves little more than bit manipulation and scoring the quality of solutions. Genetic algorithms have been applied to problems as diverse as graph partitioning
1. Wicksteed made a significant contribution to value theory during the marginal utility revolution. This contribution was the “Exhaustion of the product” which we derived in class. Explain the importance of this contribution. Explain the significance of the Euler theorem and the assumption of constant returns to scale in deriving the solution. In what ways is this contribution similar to Marx's Transformation Problem, in what ways is it different? Wicksteed was one of the first economists introduced
captures value. The business model is a macro level plan that will guide how a firm will conduct itself with suppliers, buyers, and partners in its pursuit of these profits. The innovativeness of a firm’s business model is just as important as what product or service the company provides in it achieving superior performance and gaining and sustaining a competitive advantage (Rothaermel, 2015). The nine building blocks of a successful business model include the following: customer segments, value propositions
Cellular automata A Cellular Automata can be viewed as an autonomous Finite State Machine[FSM] consisting of a number of cells. A Cellular Automaton consists of a regular grid of cells, each as a finite number of states such as On and Off.An initial state [time t=0] is selected by assigning a state for each cell. The rule for updating the state of cells is the same for each cell and does not change over time. Cellular Automata can also be viewed as a simple model of a spatially extended decentralized
f(x), an exact value can be found at any given point. While some differential equations can be solved, it is important to realize that very few differential equations that come from "real world" problems can be solved explicitly, and often it is necessary to resort to numerical integration for their solutions. For the exploration I will be using an example in which a differential equation is used in the real world, specifically involving Newton's Law of Cooling. To approximate values at various points
Figure-1.3 illustrates the functional block diagram of a Genetic Algorithm. It is assumed that the potential solution to the problem may be represented through a set of parameters. These parameters are joined together and to form a string of values (known as the chromosome). The particular values in the genes represent are called its alleles .In the chromosome the position of the gene is same as its locus. Encoding the issues deal with representing the solution
which ratios are to be used and of those ratios chosen, which ratios are given priority weight. After discussions, a multiple discriminant analysis (MDA), a statistical technique, was chosen. MDA was used primarily to classify and make prediction in problems where the dependent variable was in qualitative form, e.g. bankrupt or non-bankrupt. The primary advantage of MDA was its ability to sequentially examine individual ch... ... middle of paper ... ...el such as: purpose of the loan, maturity of
about by the initial out-of-pace syndrome. An accumulation of these symptoms lead to an intense condition that impair the ability to adapting to the new environment. The victims are likely to turn hostile to the natives, which brings a problem in their harmonious living. (Ferraro, 2006) Culture shock occurs in four phases and knowledge on these phases can help one predict the predicaments that she can face in a new cultural set-up. These stages are described as below. i. The initial stage is characterized
attention for these important details. It doesn’t matter your age, you still have feeling, also everyone should stay away from objects that can harm you. Even Though these two character’s ages are different they both have initial values, personal experiences, and ending Values . At the end of these two stories there was a rollercoaster of events happening to both characters, which made them learn their lesson. Some of the details will help you answer the questions of the beginning. It doesn’t matter
the subject of the ‘beginning of the universe.’ This indicates that this intriguing problem has reached scientific consideration and, perhaps, a solution. The aim of this paper is to try to answer the question as to whether the origin of the world has slipped out of the hands of philosophers (and theologians), and passed in its entirety into the realm of science, and whether science is able to solve this problem by itself. While presenting the main views in this dispute, I try to show also that metaphysics
the cost value of the inventory at any time without taking a physical inventory. Also known as book inventory system or perpetual book inventory. Retailers also have another important choice to make the stock to sales ratio. The stock to sales ratio is derived directly from the planned inventory to determine monthly additions to stock in the merchandise budget plan. Retailers generally think of their inventory at retail price levels rather than at cost. Retailers use their initial markups, additional