Influenza is defined as an acute, commonly epidemic disease, occurring in several forms, caused by numerous rapidly mutating viral strains and characterized by respiratory symptoms and general prostration. Spanish flu was more than just a normal epidemic, it was a pandemic. Epidemics affect many people at the same time in areas where the disease doesn’t normally occur. A pandemic is an epidemic on a national, international, or global scale. The Spanish flu was different from the seasonal flu
The influenza pandemic of 1918 had not only altered the lives of thousands, but the habitual lives of family and work as well. The Spanish Influenza collected more lives than all of the casualties of war in the twentieth century combined. After the disease had swept through the nation, towns that once began their days in lazy, comfortable manners had begun to struggle to get through a single day. What started as a mild neglect of a typical fever or case of chills had escalated and grown at an alarmingly
Public Health The Influenza Pandemic of 1918 had a major effect on the public health in America at the time. Coordination between different levels and branches of government improved communication regarding the spread of influenza, improved the amount of people in hospitals, increased the spread of vaccines, and led to improvements in infection control and containment of the flu. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1997248/). Authoritative Measures The influenza pandemic occurred in a manner
The Influenza Pandemic of 1918-1919 occurred during the midst of World War I, and it would claim more lives than the war itself. The disease erupted suddenly without a forewarning and spread rapidly across the globe. It seemed as though all of humanity had fallen under the mercy of this deadly illness. Influenza had very clear symptoms as described by William Collier in his letter to The Lancet. After a patient seizes their temperature can run up to 105° or more while their pulse averages at about
The Extended Parallel Process Model A Review of the Literature What’s the first thing that comes to your mind when you think of fear? Is it that rush of adrenaline, which swells your veins? Is it that feeling of your heart beating uncontrollably? That fear of uncertainty? Or, is it that moment when you are scared beyond belief and feel nothing but helpless? Whatever it may be, there are certainly ways to deal with and overcome fear. Fear can come in many different shapes and forms, but as the 21st
Runner Essay 2 Runner is a book that demonstrates the values of friendship. Discuss. Runner is a novel written by Robert Newton which describes life in Richmond in 1919. The novel follows the protagonist, Charlie and his family, struggling with the effects of poverty, corruption and sorrow. However, there is an emerging theme which overpowers all these and that is the values of friendship. There are a vast amount of ‘values’ of friendship but the ones that occur in the novel are loyalty, companionship
majority of excess influenza deaths.”2 The reason that the Influenza pandemic of 1918 killed so many young people has baffled scientists for decades. It has been hypothesized that this younger generation of people were born in the late 1800’s and were only exposed to the “H3 influenza virus, which appeared as a pandemic 1889.”2 Their immune systems were not prepared for a virus with a combination of influenza viruses, leading to the higher mortality rates. In opposition, another possibility explored
Influenza is one of the top viruses to cause fatalities each year, which make Influenza a great search topic for several reasons. For example, an individual will have a clear understanding of the virus which has worldwide effects. Also, a clear understanding of research and surveillance data conducted and collected by governmental agency, will be understood. One will grasp preventive or protective methods from what can end up becoming a deadly virus. One will comprehend governmental findings and
The social effects of the influenza epidemic of 1918 were severe: (1) The medical and scientific communities had to develop new theories and “apply them to prevention, diagnostics and treatment of the influenza patients” (Barry, 234). Something that, until then, no pandemic had forced (or allowed) such a collaboration. (2) In some cities and towns residents were required to wear surgical masks to protect themselves from the virus because influenza can penetrate even tightly woven clothing. (3) Children
Introduction The Australian Health Management Plan for Pandemic Influenza (AHMPPI) was established by the Office of Health Protection in the Department of Health and Ageing after consultation, communication and feedback from advisory groups, peak bodies and experts in pandemic influenza. Influenza (flu) is a contagious disease of the respiratory tract that is caused by influenza virus. It is a life-threatening illness. This viral infection causes serious illness and death around the world, especially
Over the past fifteen years H5N1 influenza (also known as Avian Flu or Bird Flu) has become a common topic of speculation and debate worldwide, causing quite a bit of confusion about its possible impacts on our society. At this point in time it is generally recognized by the international medical community that Avian Flu is bound to become a pandemic, most likely within the next ten years. Research on Avian Flu and its effects have led many scholars to make grave predictions of major global turmoil
The flu in 1918 was called Influenza Pandemic, also known as the Spanish Influenza, but there’s no proof that the virus came from Spain. Influenza Pandemic has no way of telling where it originated; some people say it was originated in Europe. Spanish Influenza was brought back to the USA and to other countries around the world. It’s likely that soldiers being brought back to America brought the virus with them when they left France. The Spanish Influenza Pandemic was first discovered, in the
The three major outbreaks of influenza during the 20th century were the Spanish Flu of 1918, the Asian Flu of 1957, and the Hong Kong Flu of 1968 (Kamradt-Scott, 2012). When the Spanish Flu of 1918 seemed to have come to an end, governmental and scientific agencies believed that they had conquered this disease but the Asian Flu of 1957 and the Hong Kong Flu of 1968 proved that belief to be wrong. With each of these outbreaks, governments and scientific agencies began to realize the importance of
It shocked and effected many people. The Spanish Flu of nineteen eighteen was one of the worst epidemics in American history because it killed more than 20.6 million people worldwide. The Spanish Flu was a virus, it was the second deadliest influenza in history, other than the Bubonic Plague. It was estimated to have killed between twenty and fifty million people worldwide. Out of these people an estimated minimum of sixty thousand alone died in the U.S. It was said
The Response to the Influenza of 1918 At the time, the Influenza of 1918 was called the Spanish Flu. Spain was not involved in the expanding great war (i.e., World War I) and therefore was not censoring it's press. However, Germany, Britain, and America were censoring their newspapers for anything that would lower morale. Therefore, Spain was the first country to publish accounts of the pandemic (Barry 171 and Furman 326), even though the pandemic most likely started in either France or the United
“Aussie flu”, an Australian influenza virus, has made headlines on media worldwide. It is suggested that the Australian strain has spread to other countries, which has led to criticism of Australia’s Public Health policies. Although, is it possible to identify a strain’s source? If so, how did this “Aussie flu” become so harmful, could it have been prevented? The media is comparing this year’s flu outbreak to the 1968 Hong Kong flu, is it really the next flu pandemic? Influenza viruses are ever evolving
million people, thirty million people, and even twenty million people is an enormously huge a... ... middle of paper ... ...ll pandemics. Emerg Infect Dis. 2006 Jan. “The Influenza Pandemic of 1918.” Billings, Molly. Stanford University Virology. June 1, 1997. retrieved from http://virus.stanford.edu/uda/ “The Site of Origin of The 1918 Influenza Pandemic and Its Public Health Implications.” Barry, John. US national Library of Health Medicine, January 20, 2004. Retrieved from: http://www
INFLUENZA Description Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is a highly contagious disease (caused by influenza viruses of varying forms) that has been around for more than 2,500 years. There are three main types of the virus; types A, B and C. Once the minuscule particles of the virus are inhaled, they locate their target cells using the proteins that surround the nucleus. These contain genetic material, which then trigger the target cells to produce more virus particles. Once these cells spread
Pandemics and epidemics are diseases that affect many people all over the world. They cause millions of deaths and leave many people sick. Most epidemics are contagious and spread very quickly. One kind of epidemic is the variola virus. Variola virus is most known by the name smallpox. it got it’s nickname from the small blisters that appear on the face and arms. Smallpox is believed to have originated in Egypt or Northeastern Africa about 10,000 years ago. It soon reached Asia during the middle
spring of 1918, the first wave of one of the deadliest influenza pandemics began plaguing its victims (Peters, ix). Over the span of three lethal waves, the pandemic claimed approximately forty million victims, eradicating nearly twenty percent of the entire world’s population, or about one out of five individuals (Peters, ix). To make matters more dire, the ill-suited medical community was exceptionally unprepared for such a wide-scale pandemic: Doctors had very basic tools, knew little about diseases