mind when you hear the word ‘hacker’? For most it means stealing information through the Internet, gaining illegal access to another person’s PC, or simply - disruptive behavior using a computer. The subject of hacking is no secret to the general public. Many people have been exposed to it by a bad experience or through the news and media. The idea of hacking that is stuck in the minds of people is that of which they have seen in the movies. The movies portray hackers as young and devious criminals
historically been associated with shady behavior or criminal connotations. It is very rare that a person condones hacking or thinks of it as anything other than a crime. However, in his article “Academic Freedom and the Hacker Ethic”, Tom Cross challenges us to redefine a hacker and what they actually do. He forces the audience to think as he states that “knowing how to do something that might be harmful is not the same as causing harm” (Cross, 38). Using this powerful statement, Cross uses his article
Introduction Issues of ethics and professionalism had been touch frequently in our current society lately. Experts from a particular field usually and logically should behave professionally or show their expertise to the civilian. However, in fact they are working oppositely and crime their expertise with their knowledge. This actually brought troubles to the outsider or victim and causes them to loss their property or reputation. In information technology field, issue regarding to ethics and professionalism
Hackers and the Evolution of Intellectual Property Rights Introduction According to Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary, theft is, "The act of stealing; specifically, the felonious taking and removing of personal property, with an intent to deprive the rightful owner of the same" (Webster's 2). Before the advent of moveable type, no one had cause to apply this concept to information rather than physical property. If one were to steal a book, the act was easily recognized as of the same
Virus, Worms and Hackers Computer viruses were first widely seen in the late 1980s. They were caused due to several reasons. The first factor was rapid growth of personal computers. Before this decade personal computers were not seen in many houses. They only computers used were expert computers which were locked in laboratories around the world. During the 1980’s Computers started to sell to several smaller business’s and homes after the release of the IBM PC in 1982 [1]. After its launch
with knowledge regarding the effects hacking caused to our society, and how the society responded and tried to solve or minimize those effects. Different issues regarding hacking are discussed, such as the motivations that were behind guiding hackers who were at first computer professional to perform unauthorized activities, at the same time a discussion about the types of attacks can be found. The society response to hacking attacks lacks till this moment the ability to stop or completely
Motivating Factors for Hackers There is no shortage to the potential motivators of hackers; however, motives can be distinguished by the various roles that hackers assume. In the reading to follow, this researcher will present an assessment of Sarah Gordon’s interview regarding various perspectives pertaining to psychological differences between cybercriminals and traditional real world criminals. Additionally, a comparison of hackers versus virus writers and the various roles of hackers will be discussed
cyber-attack, after all, all of important data like our social security number are stored on databases. Even government agencies have suffered this intrusion from a hacker that has put at risk the safety of its citizens. How it all did begin and how it affects our society? Hacking started out of curiosity around the 1970(Bowles). Hackers, who were called “phreak-ers” around that time, were among the brightest people. One of their main goals was to learn how the phone system worked, and try to use it
maker’s inventive purpose. These actions may result in someone finding information that does not belong to them and using it to access personal accounts. There are three categories of hackers; black hats, white hats, and gray hats. With regard to this, it depends on the job of the hacker. For instance, black hat hackers are well-known for the common cybercrimes. These includes DOS/DDOS attacks that overload internet servers, defacing websites by hijacking control and replacing the main page photos with
In the article, Hackers and the Contested Ontology of Cyberspace, Helen Nissenbaum examines the shifts in the conception of hackers over the past fifty years and in particular whether these shifts are a natural change in public perspective as a result of public debate, or if instead they are a deliberate attempt by societal institutions to manipulate the culture, referred to by Nissenbaum as the “ontology of cyberspace”, with the intention of creating a negative image of hackers due to the potential
theory to a real-world case in which someone hacked into a system, including the name of the company and details. In general, hacking or more specifically cracking is not justifiable due to the negative connotations associated with the term. Hackers are generally categorized into three categories, white hat, black or grey hat (Arnone, 2005). White hats are personnel that are often employed to find holes, penetrate or exploit a security system so the company can take corrective actions. Black
Hackers and Security Measures A diffuse group of people often called “hackers” has been characterised as unethical, irresponsible, and a serious danger to society for actions related to breaking into computer systems. In this essay I try to construct a picture of what is and includes a computer crime as well as a portray of hackers, their concerns, and the way in which hacking takes place. What I intend to argue is that, in their majority, hackers are learners and explorers who want to help
fear or make money. And a person who does this is called a hacker. Hacking was first made popular by the M.I.T engineers during late 1950’s and early 1960’s. Most of the hackings that are done by these engineers is out of curiosity but not with an intention to create harm. But many people outside of the University started to use if for other purposes like manipulating the telephones to do cheap long-distance calls. Even though both hackers use their skillset to exploit the weakness of a computer or
it do something it was not originally intended to do. A hacker is someone who will seek out security flaws or holes in a computer or telephone system. Media coverage has given the term "hacker" a negative connotation. However, the original usage was complimentary, indicating someone with a high level of technical sophistication, or someone who enjoyed the intellectual challenge of overcoming or circumventing limitations. "White hat" hackers are individuals who endeavor to identify security weaknesses
Hacker subculture[1] is heavily dependent on technology. It has produced its own slang and various forms of unusual alphabet use, for example l33tspeak. Such things are usually seen as an especially silly aspect by the academic hacker subculture.[citation needed] In part due to this, the slangs of the two subcultures differ substantially.[citation needed] Political attitude usually includes views for freedom of information, freedom of speech, a right for anonymity and most have a strong opposition
Ethics in Hacktivism: Moral and Legal Considerations Jamie Uy Hacktivism is the nonviolent use of illegal or legally ambiguous digital tools in pursuit of political ends, or, as defined by British technologist and writer, Ben Hammersley, “the explicit pursuit of political activism via the prankster methods that characterise the tabloid press’s typical hacker.” The term ‘hacktivism' is often applied to suggest that acts that would otherwise be classified as cybercrime or terrorism such as data
solutions to protect their information. Individuals that hack systems and provide the information back to the individuals in which they have hacked are known as ethical hacker or white hat hackers. The individuals that hack into another’s system to sabotage, steal or destroy another’s system has earned the name of a black hat hacker. Tsutomu Shimomura a thirty year old Japanese physicist and a renowned expert in computer crimes. At the age of 14 Shimomura left high school and was found to hanging
Hackers vs. Crackers Introduction When you hear the word hacker, you probably think of a nerdy, teen-aged boy sitting behind a computer with sinister plans for his attack flowing through the keystrokes of his fingers. You probably think of a techno-criminal defacing websites, shutting down computer systems, stealing money or confidential information-basically a threat to society. But these descriptions may describe someone else enterely. Many in the computer community contend that this criminal
form of power. Electric lights became available and the first movies were made. "By 1916, 21,000 movie houses were testimony of a new industry" (Hacker and Zahler 99). Automobiles became prevalent and that caused the need for roads to be built: "The early growth of the automobile industry wakened a new and much stronger demand for surfaced roads" (Hacker and Zahler 101). Henry Ford was a major contributor in propelling the automobile industry. He improved the assembly line and mass production of parts
transformation throughout many facets of his life. The Cuckoo’s Egg is the story of Cliff Stoll’s maturation into an adult, mirrored by the loss of innocence and youthful-trusting-openness taking place in the network community at the time, catalyzed by a hacker halfway around the world, and necessitated by a nonchalant attitude among the governmental agencies supposed to be responsible for computer security. A question all parents, and some elder siblings, ask at some point is, “when should I let Jr. stand