Gram staining is the most essential and all around used staining technique in bacteriology lab. Gram staining was firstly presented by Christian Gram in 1883. This method is utilized to distinguish between gram positive and gram negative bacteria which have consistent differences in their cell wall. Gram positive bacteria stain blue-purple and gram negative bacteria stain pink-red. There are a few objectives as to why we ought to do this experiment; to gain knowledge of the differences between gram
stain a cell that take advantage of chemical differences in a cell. Gram staining is a type of differential stain that works by distinguishing gram positive and gram negative cells by coloring them violet or red, respectively. Gram positive cells contain a thick cell wall of peptidoglycan and a single membrane. Gram negative cells contain a thin cell wall which is located between two membrane layers. There are four reagents used in gram staining which include crystal violet, iodine, ethanol and basic
Introduction Bacteria are grouped into two categories as Gram positive and Gram negative. The bacteria that retain the color of the primary stain are gram positive and the bacteria that lose the color of primary stain are called gram negative bacteria. Gram positive cells have a thicker peptidoglycan layer and doesn 't contain the outer membrane. Gram positive cells will retain the primary stain of crystal violet because they have a thick outer layer of peptidoglycan that traps the dye among its
As shown in Figure 1, there are purple and pink cells. The purple cells are the gram-positive and the pink cells are the gram-negative bacteria. It shows that the gram-negative are bacillus and are smaller than the gram-positive cells. As shown in Figure 2, the MAC plate selects for gram-negative bacteria. It is observed that they are medium in size, raised, and uniform. It also shows that the bacteria are lactose fermenters because of the pink color. As shown in Figure 3, there are two different
Assignment 1 Gram stains are commonplace in many labs. It has many advantages including: The gram stain assists medical professionals in identifying if bacteria are the cause of an infection and then it helps determine a course of treatment. Treatment of Gram-negative bacteria results in the releases of the toxin Lipid A. The longer the delay in treatment results in more bacterial growth, the more bacterial growth the more toxins the patient will be subjected to. If enough toxins are released
In the late 1800s, Hans Christian Gram developed the gram staining procedure. Gram staining is a valuable diagnostic tool used in the clinical and research world. The gram stain is a method used to determine the identification of unknown bacteria. (BIO215, 2017) According to Healthline.com, typically when you’re sick, you go to the doctors. If your doctor happens to suspect that you may have an infection, he or she may order to have a culture, and/or a gram stain done to check for bacteria. If
also a gram stain was recommended during the discovery of the unknown. The gram stain played a major step, if this step was done correctly students could cross out organisms that did not come near to theirs. By looking through the microscope, the morphology of the bacteria was distinguished by the steps of staining the slide correctly and the oil immersion that clearly shows the shape of the bacteria. The gram stain helped to either categorize your microbe as a gram negative/positive rod or gram positive
streak method was completed in succession to obtain a pure isolated colony. The T – streaks were completed with nutrient agar to give the organism nutrients and allow the organism to grow. Once a pure isolated colony was obtained, a Gram stain was completed which gave the Gram reaction and morphology of the bacteria. The first tests were completed due to the level of difficulty being low. The steps and procedures needed to complete the IMViC (Indole Production, Methyl Red and Voges – Proskauer, and Citrate
being displaced in 1 second What my experiment depends on is how fast the forces can balance. So using a larger weight will mean it will reach its terminal velocity slower. Plan Apparatus Bin liner 4 equal lengths of string 10 one gram weights of plastercine Stopwatch- to measure the time it takes for the parachute to reach the ground Meter ruler- to measure the distance the parachute has fallen To make it a fair test I repeated the test 3 times and made an average of
only one thing which will be the suface area of the cube of jelly. I will be keeping the temperature the same all throughout the experiment it will stay at 600c, the weight of the jelly will also stay the same, every piece of jelly will be 9 grams. Keeping all of these the same will ensure that it is a fair test. The equipment I will be using during this experiment will be: § Bunsen Burner § Tripod § Jelly
The Ghost and the Darkness Analysis Have you ever tried to outsmart a lion? In my novel, the Ghost and the Darkness by Dewey Gram, two lions terrorize and kill the workers trying to construct a bridge in Africa. The protagonist, John. H. Paterson, is an intelligent architect and a strong leader always trying to rationalize problems, but is also brash and arrogant sometimes leading to him overlooking a major flaw in his plan. The other major characters are Starling, a world famous British hunter
first beginning with a Gram Stain test. By doing this test it would be easier to determine which route to take on the man made flow chart. Gram positive and gram negative bacteria have a set of different tests to help determine the unknown bacterium. Based on the different tests that were conducted in lab during the semester it was determined that the blood agar, MSA, and catalase test are used for gram positive bacteria while Macconkey, EMB, TSI, and citrate tests are used for gram negative bacteria
screening tests identified the unknown bacterial broth as a mixture of gram-positive cocci and gram-negative bacilli, we organized two different test regimes to follow the dichotomous keys. Figure 1 Flow diagram of biochemical tests for Gram-positive cocci Figure-1 illustrated the test result and the direction of tests that we accomplished to set up the SOP of gram-positive cocci. The catalase test was vital because it categorized the gram-positive cocci into two major groups. We evaluated the test results
Proteus vulgaris is a rod-shaped Gram-negative chemoheterotroph bacterium. The size of individual cells varies from 0.4~0.6μm by 1.2~2.5μm. P. vulgaris possesses peritrichous flagella, making it actively motile. It inhabits the soil, polluted water, raw meat, gastrointestinal tracts of
After gram staining, it was revealed that unknown 1 microscopic morphology was Gram positive cocci in clusters Staphylococcus epidermiclis. When observed under the microscope, the bacteria’s morphology displayed a purple color, round shape, and clustered together like bundles of grapes. It was difficult to locate the specimen due to the student’s lack of experience with using the microscope. The student forgot to use the stage clip to hold the slide in place, which made it difficult to control
Results Observing under 1000X magnification, the gram stain depicts purple bacilli, as seen in Figure 1. Figure 2 depicts growth of a light brown, opaque bacteria on a Phenylethyl Alcohol Agar (PEA) plate. As seen in Figure 3, the blood agar plate shows brown growth surrounded by a very thin clear area. Figure 4 shows an endospore stain of the gram-positive unknown. It depicts green endospores surrounded by pink bacilli. Figure 5 depicts a slant of gram-positive isolate, which appears as an opaque,
know how to do Gram Stain technique and biochemical testing to determine the name of the unknown species. We used 18 media with 15 reagents, to determine unknown species, which was provided by the Eastfield Dallas community College’s science department. All the methods to determine the “Unknown Lab” were in the book written by Tammy Oliver, Ph.D.
several different biochemical tests to identify it. Starting with the Gram stain test, which is performed to differentiate Gram-positive and Gram-negative cells. After staining, when observed through the microscope Gram-positive cells are a purple color with thick peptidoglycan cell walls. Gram-negative cells are a pinkish/red color with thinner cell walls. (handout G. s.) My organism was observed to be pinkish rod shaped meaning it is Gram-negative bacteria. The Phenol Red Carbohydrate Fermentation Broth
There are numerous types of bacteria that can be found in every environment. Each bacterium has different morphology which includes shape, texture and pigment production. These bacteria also have different food requirements which are important in being able to identify a microorganism. Microorganisms are a diverse group containing all bacteria a single cell prokaryotic organism that is found in every type of environment, archea single cell microorganism that lacks nuclei and almost all microorganisms
step was to streak the three methods in an aseptic technique. The two gram negative bacteria’s were to be T streak with one Helton Enteric, one streak of Mac Conkey, and one streak with Eosin methylene blue agar also known as EMB. The procedure was done just as it in the laboratory manual indicated. All the test tubes and plates were label and placed into the incubate to test for isolation for the next 48 hours. However, for the gram positive bacterium there was a streak with one Phenyl enthol Blood