Do you know what the dietary supplement glucosamine/chondroitin is, does or can do? Do you know what the side effects are or if there are any? Do you know how it’s made or what it’s derived from? I didn’t think so, so that’s what I am here to tell you. I was playing lacrosse one day when I made a sudden move and that’s when it all went down hill. I tore the cartilage in my knee, the meniscus - a piece of cartilage that acts as a cushion - to be exact. A few days later I was talking to my Aunt Marie
recommendation for immediate operative treatment.21 Torres et al. also report that the generally accepted treatment is “arthroscopic lavage, performed as soon as possible”.22 It is known that articular cartilage degrades and loses nearly half of its glycosaminoglycan and collagen composition in the first week of a joint infection23,24. Therefore, a significant delay should not be experienced in the initiation of surgical
Introduction Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis affecting at least 20 million Americans with its prevalence expected to double in the next 2 decades (12.) (9). OA was once believed to be a consequence of aging, which still holds true, but is now believed to involve a multitude of biological and pathological processes influenced by several factors, including genetics, age, gender, obesity, joint injury, estrogen, diabetes and muscle strength with age and weight being the predominating
Introduction Carbohydrates are more than just fuels for the body and have other uses. Carbohydrates are hydrocarbons containing a carbonyl group and many alcohol groups. Their polymers can complex or they be simple and contain just one repeating monosaccharide, the roles of polymers can be many such as structural, storage or even signalling. (Tymoczko et al, 2012 p. 131) Monosaccharides Monosaccharides come in 2 forms, aldoses and ketoses. There can be up to seven carbons in the chain however most
By 2003 seven types of Mucopolysaccharidoses had been discovered. There is not a specific year or date for the discovery of the different types of MPS but all of them were discovered by 2003. MPS is a recessive allele genetic disorder; that lacks the production of certain lysosomal enzymes. The lack of these enzymes could cause their body to be disfigured, some individuals have problems with their respiratory system, circulation system, and their facial structure. Although there is not a known cure
April 14, 2014 Path Chart: 40 year old female with suspected myxedematous coma Etiology/Risk Factors Structural/Physiological Alterations Clinical Manifestations/Complications Etiology: • Severe hypothyroidism with low levels of T3 and T4 hormones Types: • Primary: impairment of thyroid gland (No TH) o May be autoimmunity (Hashimoto thyroiditis), surgery (thyroidectomy), Iatrogenic (radioactive iodine ablation), congenital o Most common • Secondary: impairment of pituitary gland (no TSH)
Atherosclerosis, one of the leading causes of death in the country, is a condition in the arteries that is characterized by the deposition of plaque on the arterial walls. While the exact cause of atherosclerosis is unknown, it is a slow, complex disease that begins developing during childhood, and progresses faster with age.1 Certain factors such as smoking, obesity, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, and increased concentrations of sugar in the blood (or diabetes), play a role in the development
the joint surfaces move on one another. Lining cells are modified connective cells called synoviocytes rounded synoviocytes are phagocytes derived from blood monocytes and fibroblastic synoviocytes specialized to produce the long, nonsulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) hyaluronic acid and secrete other components of ground substance (Mescher
2.1.1.a Flexor Tendon and Rotator Cuff The ability to flex the finger consists of a serial of flexor muscles in the forearm and their tendons are inserted to the bones of finger. The injury of flexor tendon might cause the loss of bending of the fingers or thumb. The flexor digitorum profundus tendon (FDP) attaching to the distal phalanx and the flexor digitorum superficialis tendon banding to middle phalanx well demonstrated the specific type of tendon-to-bone insertion site characterized by the
Development of Dentition Humans have two dentitions in their lifetime, i.e. the primary (deciduous) and secondary (permanent). Each dentition consists of teeth with different shapes, sizes and functions. The classes of teeth developed throughout our life span are: • Incisiform (incisors) - Incisors are the pair of eight teeth directly situated in the front and center of our mouth, i.e. four in each upper and lower jaw. These single-rooted teeth are extremely important since they all have sharp edges
Laminin 332 Laminin 332 is present in the BMZ of nearly all epithelial tissues in the human body [140]. Furthermore, laminin 332 is the main component found at the upper lamina densa/lamina lucida border at the base of the anchoring filaments [120]. Mutations in laminin 332 are linked to a condition that causes skin fragility and severe blistering, which is known as junctional epidermolysis bullosa [141-143]. Moreover, the absence of laminin 332 expression considerably disrupts the epidermal adhesion
1.1.1 Glycoproteins and biosynthesis 1.1.1.1. N-Linked glycoproteins N-Linked glycoproteins were traditionally considered unique for eukaryotic systems. It was not until more recently that their presences in bacteria and archaea become recognized. N-Glycans in eukaryotes share some common features and have a common core structure. They consist of common monosaccharide units. However, their structures in bacteria and archaea are more diverse and contain both common and rare monosaccharide building
TERMINOLOGY CLINICAL CLARIFICATION • Group of injuries involving the neck due to a rapid, forceful, backwards motion6 • May involve the following: 6 ○ Injury to vertebral and paravertebral structures (fractures, dislocations, ligamentous tears, and disc disruption/subluxation) ○ Spinal cord injury (traumatic central cord syndrome secondary to cord compression or vascular insult) ○ Vascular injury (vertebral artery or carotid artery dissection) ○ Soft tissue injury around cervical spine (cervical
(A)Wound healing is a biological process occurring in the human body. In this lecture we had discussed about both acute and chronic wounds. An acute wound is an injury to the skin that occurs suddenly rather than over time. It heals at a predictable and expected rate according to the normal wound healing process. The chronic wounds do not heal in an orderly set of stages and in a predictable amount of time the way most wounds do. The normal wound healing process mainly consists of four main stages