Kidney Function Introduction and definition of terms: The kidneys are the main organs in the urinary system. They filter waste products out of blood from the renal artery. These are then excreted. Useful solutes are reabsorbed into the blood. They also have a major homeostatic role in the body, and help to control the water content (osmoregulation) and pH of the blood. Homeostasis is the maintenance of a constant internal environment within a living organism. Excretion is the removal
both at a macroscopically and microscopically level leading to many different health problems in alcoholic. Furthermore, it can be noticed that usually microscopic problems are usually connected to macroscopic changes that occur in the tubules and glomerulus of the kidneys (nephron region).
Thermoregulation is the control of the body’s temperature. The body aims to maintain the body’s temperature at 37 °C. The control centre of maintaining our body temperature is the Hypothalamus in the brain. The hypothalamus is responsible for the key mechanisms to control our body’s temperature and also consists of the body’s temperature sensors. The nervous system uses our nerves and controls every part of our body through the vast amount of nerves. Sensory receptors are located throughout our body
Introduction Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) closely parallel the obesity and insulin resistance epidemic. Current U.S. estimates project 70 million obese adults and an additional 70 million with hypertension and/or type II diabetes (28, 42, 45). More so, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), suggest a graded and continuous relationship exists between prevalent hypertension and increasing body mass index (BMI); a metric that is closely associated
From the results of the numerous tests carried out according to the patient history of frothy urine with a significant oedema over a maximum period of 5 days, the patient was diagnosed with Nephrotic Syndrome. This is condition that occurs due to leakage in the kidney filtration part leading to a large amount of protein leaking from the blood into the urine. This is mainly due to fluid retention known as oedema which is as a result of low protein level in the blood. It occurs due to abnormal functioning
filtrate, which is now in the nephron, contains excretory products but also substances useful to the body. A renal capsule is a double walled cup shape structure surrounding a knot of capillaries called glomerulus. The space inside the renal capsule is called the lumen. The capillary walls of the glomerulus are composed of a single layer of endothelial cells with spaces between the cells of between 50-100 nm. These cells sit on a basement membrane which is the filtration membrane. It’s the only continuous
The urinary system does more than you might think. The obvious functions of the urinary system are excretory and urine formation which transports storage urine and release, but it does quite a lot more. Since it is a regulator of how much water is in the blood it can impact blood pressure but it can also stimulate blood cell formation. Vitamin D is made from the interaction of sunlight and your skin but it is activated to perform its hormone function by the kidney cells. Your blood must stay within
Excretory System The excretory system is a biological system found in the human body. This particular system’s vocation is to remove excess waste that was contrived by metabolism, this system thus maintains Homeostasis. Now, before we advance, we should elucidate on what Homeostasis. Homeostasis is essentially the body attempting to maintain equilibrium. The excretory system attempts this by removing waste to equipoise to the desired level of consistency. Due to the fact that some of the organs
. Functions of the urinary system consist of the excretory system in excreting substances, filtering blood plasma to eliminate metabolic wastes and return useful substances to the plasma. It also regulates blood volume by controlling the amount of water in your blood, osmolarity makes sure to maintain fluids in our blood in such that our cells are in isotonic state and pressure. The kidneys secrete two hormones, renin controls the blood pressure and erythropoietin (EPO) causes the bone marrow to
The human body consists of a number of systems having their own importance and contribution towards keeping human beings alive. As blood flows through the body, waste products are deposited into the bloodstream that needs to be removed. The system that does this is the ‘Urinary system’ also known as the ‘Renal system’. It is made up of two kidneys, two ureters, a urinary bladder and a urethra that produce, store and then excrete urine out of the body. For the purpose of this assignment the structure
The urinary system is a multi-organ system which consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. Although each specific organ has its own particular function, for the urinary system to work efficiently the organs need to work in synergy. The main function of the urinary system is to remove waste via excretion particularly toxic substances such as ammonia. Ammonia is a by-product from amino acids that are converted by the liver. Urea and uric acid are extracted from the blood
the amount of urea in your body. The blood enters the kidney through the bowmans capsule under pressure. This just surrounds the tuft of capillaries which is the glomerulus. The liquid just flows through the glomerulus under pressure. The pressure pushes the liquid out and keeps in the larger cells. This is filtration, because the glomerulus is taking the nutrients in and getting rid of the waste. After the filtering ... ... middle of paper ... ...en view the bladder walls, and look for any signs
The ANS is part of the peripheral nervous system, being split into sympathetic pathways, which prepare the body for action and parasympathetic pathways which prepare the body for rest. This regulates the functions of the body and some of the muscles automatically. Sympathetic pathways change nerve activity during times of stress, exercise, low blood glucose levels, excitement or fear, due to the flight or fight response. These changes can have an effect on homeostasis by increasing heart rate, increasing
“reabsorb more water to rehydrate the body” (olchs.org). This is an example of osmosis since water is the substance moving being reabsorbed into the body system to a low concentration which is the blood through various semi permeable membranes such as glomerulus and the red blood cells. One organ system that uses diffusion as their mode of transport is the respiratory system. The respiratory system uses a blend of “the circulatory system and the process of diffusion” (olchs.org). The alveoli sacs present
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide problem that is currently three times higher for African Americans, Hispanics, Pacific Islanders, American Indians and seniors (The National Kidney Foundation, 2013). CKD occurs when the kidneys are damaged by a pathogen or injury and they can no longer adequately maintain proper levels of regulated chemicals in the bloodstream. There are many risk associated with CKD. According to the National Kidney Foundation, two of the major risks are Chronic Renal
Aspects of the Kidney People spend hours going to dialysis, doctor offices, and making sure all medications are took. “Coping with kidney failure is not just about managing the physical symptoms with treatment. It’s a major life change that can cause a great deal of stress and can give rise to a range of emotional reactions.” Different people react in various ways. Theres a pattern to the way that most people react. Some examples of emotional reactions are depression, stress, anxiety, and sexual
Overview: Henoch-Schonlein Purpura (HSP) is an inflammatory disorder, more commonly known as Spring Fever. It coined this nickname from the high occurrence in the beginning of spring, triggered by respiratory illnesses from winter. HSP was first noted in 1801 by Dr. William Heberden, a london physician, who made case notes on a young boy aged five that was displaying, what we know to now be, typical HSP symptoms. HSP is a type of vasculitis, or inflammation of the blood vessels, that targets mainly
condition and is usually only diagnosed after a routine medical check-up or tests for another condition discover; the symptoms may not be obvious. This disease targets the membrane tissues made of tiny filtering cluster units within the kidneys called glomerulus, which comes from a Greek word meaning filter (NIH, 2014). This illness presents as an inflammation of the tiny filtering units called glomeruli of the kidneys that can be caused by a passing illness associated with an infection or as a result of
Glomerulonephritis is also known glomerular nephritis or glomerular disease. Glomerulonephritis is a disease or group of disease that affects the part of the kidney that filters blood. It is also characterized by inflammation of glomeruli. It is a very small blood vessels in the kidneys that act as tiny filters. This type of disease damages the kidney’s ability to remove waste and excess fluids from the body. The damaged may also starve the protein blood, that end up being excreted from the body
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic condition that is characterized by insulin resistance in the body and increased blood glucose levels, known as hyperglycemia (1, 2). Type 2 (T2) diabetes is more common than type 1, and its incidence worldwide is increasing (3). T2 diabetes mellitus commonly affects adults over the age of 45, however its prevalence in children is increasing (4). The cause of diabetes mellitus is multifactorial, and results in a complex pathophysiology (5). This essay will focus