The issue of climate change is becoming increasingly important worldwide, and scientists are looking into the climate history of the past to try and interpret what this planet may experience in the future. In order to reconstruct the climatic history of a region, information is obtained from a variety of different proxies or indirect forms of measurement preserved as evidence in materials such as ice cores and sediment samples. A study conducted by Thompson et al attempts to reconstruct the climate
Stories of Our Earth: Ice Ages and Their Impact on Geography Just a couple weeks ago, we were complaining how winter was so cold and how it would never end in Canada; but imagine living in the glacial period, where there was a time when glaciers, large masses of ice, covered a huge portion of the Earth’s surface. Studies show that the polar ice caps, as we know them today used to cover approximately 30% of the Earth during our last Ice Age. The Earth remained in this state for thousands and thousands
Global Glaciers in the Himalayas The Himalayan mountains are home to the second largest body of ice in the world, these glaciers are extremely important to the lives of many people, animals and ecosystems.The Himalayan range includes about 15,000 glaciers, which store about 12,000 km3 (3000 cubic miles) of freshwater. The Himalayan mountains are located in the northeastern part of India and pass through several countries including Pakistan, China, Afghanistan, Nepal and Bhutan. The glaciers in the
How Glaciers Flow - Glaciers flow under the force of gravity as snow accumulates on the upper parts of the glacier and wants moves down slope. - The snow compresses to become ice and flows through the glacier into the ablation zone where it is lost. - If the accumulation equals the ablation than the glacier is said to be in equilibrium and its position will not change. This does not mean that the ice will not flow! Accumulation Zone The area where inputs occur into a glacier system.
Introduction The global oil and gas demand is rising dramatically and explorations of new oil and gas fields became one of major concern in the world. As a result of this, it has been evaluated that, the arctic region, mostly offshore, holds as much as 25% of the world’s unrecovered reserve of hydrocarbons where much of the reserve is lying under seasonal or year-round sea ice. So, future gas and oil production from the Arctic region may be played a crucial role in gas and oil industry. But any
The Greenland ice sheet is the second largest ice mass on Earth and is about one-tenth the volume of the Antarctic ice sheet. It is the only significant ice mass in the Arctic today. [ See Antarctica and Climate Change ; and Ice Sheets .] It is an ice-age relict that overlies a bowl-shaped continent almost completely fringed by coastal mountains. PHYSICAL-GEOGRAPHIC SETTING The ice sheet extends from about 60° to 83°N over a distance of 2,400 km in the North Atlantic Ocean. The ice sheet covers
Glacial Till The characteristics of glacial till reflect the erosional, transportational and depositional history of the constituent sediment.’ Glacial till is a heterogeneous mixture of rock fragments ranging in size from clay to boulders and is deposited directly from glacial ice without water transport. (Strahler A. H. & Strahler A. N. 1976). Ice sheets deposited in the Pleistocene period may be more than 30 m deep and inevitably the constituents of glacial till will reflect the retreats
Stop 2: Glacial Lake Peterborough Glacial Lake Peterborough had many attributing spillways attached to it, feeding meltwater and sediment from the ice margin and or other glacial lakes. Much of the sediment that was deposited in Glacial Lake Peterborough came from either from the stagnant ice blocks located on the Oak Ridges moraine or from the Lake Algonquin drainage system. Much of the deposition in this lake was dominated by sediment stratification, which may have been largely influenced by thermal
Glaciated Uplands and Glaciated Lowlands Arran is an ideal place to look at when examining the validity of the statement. During the Devensian Glacial, the ice sheet covering Britain reached its furthest extent, totally covering Arran. This helped to shape the landscape. In around 11,000BP the Loch Lomond Readvance occurred. This time Arran was not covered by an ice sheet but its valley glaciers grew. This formed many of the features still clearly seen on the island today. They show fresh
Washington’s Trail through Post Glacial Butler, PA In 1753, the future first president of the United States, George Washington, was dispatched to Western Pennsylvania to deliver a message to the French soldiers stationed near Presque Isle. Only twenty-one years old, young Washington traveled north from Fort Duquesne through modern day Butler County. Although aware of the critical and dangerous nature of the mission, it is unlikely that that the young explorer was aware that he was traversing a land
Brady Glacier is known for its beauty in the Fairweather Range of Alaska. Many people every year during the summer months visit the glaciers surrounding the gulf coast of Alaska to see their statuesque landforms. Brady Glacier is that of a serene landscape, but one of many glaciers that are retreating and becoming victim to ice calving. Geographers have been studying the interesting glaciations of Brady for centuries now. Three geographers, especially, are taking notice to the change in advance and
There are many different glacial landforms created by glacial erosion, one of these landforms is U-shaped valleys or glacial troughs. This glacial landform has many distinct characteristics. One of these characteristics is that it has very steep valley sides caused by the glacier as it moves down the valley eroding the sides of the valley by the processes of abrasion and plucking. Abrasion is when the boulders and moraine carried by the glacier rubs and erodes the valley side as it physically moves
Fluvioglacial Landforms landforms deposited by meltwater from glaciers. some found within the glacier and some under the glacier. outwash plains- composed of sand, gravel and clay (from snout). deposited during times of inc. ablation (glacial retreat). material is sorted by meltwater at the snout. as it moves away carrying capacity decreases so less is carried. varves- layer if silt on top of sand on top of coarse material. form where there was a glacial
Glacial Landforms in the Peterborough Ontario Region Page Number: 1. Introduction 3 2. Section 1: Geology 3 3. Section 2: Geomorphology 8 4. Section 3: Hydrology 13 5. Section 4: Vegetation 15 6. Section 5: Soil 18 7. Section 6: Climate 20 8. Conclusion 22 9. Appendix 24 10. References 25 11. Maps Introduction This is a report based on three days of observations and testing in the region known as the Peterborough drumlin field
As Arnold Schwarzenegger once said, “We simply must do everything we can in our power to slow down global warming before it is too late. The science is clear. The global warming debate is over” (Schwarzenegger, par.9). Has our society really made an effort to prevent global warming from evolving into a bigger disaster than it already has or are people sitting back and letting things unfold similarly to a series of unfortunate events? Andrew C. Revkin, the author of “Global Warming Is Eroding Glacial
Jose Carlos Espinoza J15040959 05.19.17 GLY1010 Geology Assignment 1. Mineralogy - This field is the science that studies minerals, their crystalline and structures, and their properties. A mineralogist should be working on being able to know the properties of minerals by studying and testing them. INTERNET RESOURCES: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/mineralogy http://www.environmentalscience.org/career/mineralogist 2. Igneous Petrology - It is the part of geology that is in charge
Charles Lyell Charles Lyell was a British lawyer and one the smartest geologist known in his time. He was known as the author of the Principles of Geology, which helped popularize the theories and concepts of uniformitarianism. The Principles of Geology was the first book written by Lyell and explained the changes of the earth’s surface. He used the research and information in the book as his proof to determine that the earth was over 6,000 years old. The central argument in his book was “the
continental- size glaciers. Ice age is the individual's pulses of cold climate, whereas the irregular warm periods are referred to as interglacial. Ice age entails the extensive presence of ice sheets both in northern and southern hemispheres in glaciology terminology,
The North Cascades The North Cascades became a national park on October 2, 1968. It is located in the north central area of Washington. Since it’s inception the park’s mission statement has evolved to include concerns of the entire ecosystem. (www.seattleinsider.com) When you go to the North Cascades in Washington, you can visit and do a variety of things. Some major tourist attractions are the beautiful ice sculpted, jagged mountains, which rise above deep-forested valleys-terrain carved by moving
chemical substances and others factors are dealt with. Coastal geography The interactions between oceans and the land are studied under this branch also the processes like coastal erosion, sea level changes and sediment movement are dealt in this. Glaciology Glaciers on this earth along with the melting and formation of ice and the phenomena of global warming are dealt in