The freezing point of p-xylene was calculated as 13.29C after averaging the data that appeared on Graph 1 once the temperature leveled off. With this value, the Tf for each trial was able to be calculated through Equation 1, which led to Kf being calculated in Equation 2. Both equations were able to be used given that the measurements were in terms of molality, which is not temperature dependent. After completing calculations, the average Kf of the three trials of the p-xylene and toluene solution
Blank 4/9/02 Effects of Salts on the Freezing Point of Water In this experiment, you will study the effect that several solutes have on the Freezing Point of water. When a solute is dissolved in a liquid, the temperature at which that liquid freezes decreases, because the molecules of the solute become attached to the water molecules, making it more difficult for the water to form its crystaline shape and form into ice. This process is called Freezing Point Depression. In this experiment, you will
Freezing point depression: First, the freezing point depression of magnesium chloride was found. To begin, an ice bath was created in a 600 mL beaker filled with ice provided in the laboratory and rock salt. Next, Four different solutions with concentrations of 0.0 g (control), 0.2 g, 0.4 g, and 0.6g of magnesium chloride and 15 mL of deionized water were created. Each solution was made in a 100 mL beaker. The solutions containing magnesium chloride were stirred with a glass rod until the salt was
The purpose of this experiment was to determine the temperatures of the freezing and the melting points of water. Background: In order to understand this experiment, some background information was needed. For example, a person must understand what a melting point and what a freezing point is. A freezing point is defined as a temperature at which a liquid changes into a solid. A melting is the opposite of the freezing point. It is defined as a temperature at which a solid, turns into a liquid. That
The freezing point of p-xylene was calculated by taking the average calculated Kf of the three trials of the p-xylene and toluene solution. The average of the three trials was computed as 4.56(C/m) as shown in Table 1, however, the theoretical value was slightly lower than calculated, 4.3(C/m). This resulted in a 6.04% error as shown in Equation 5; possible causes of error could have resulted from adding too much solute or too little solvent, then the calculations would have been off given that the
Katrina Epps Lab Partner: Jennifer Carter Tim Little CHE113-011 17 February 2014 Freezing Point of Sugar and Salt Introduction The purpose of this lab was to determine the molality of sugar and salt substance through calculating the freezing point depression (freezing point depression is the effect of lowering the freezing point of a substance due to an increased amount of solute added to the solvent in that the solute decreases the amount of vapor pressure) when the sugar or salt substance is added
Title Does the amount of salt in an ice cream mixture affect the freezing point of ice cream? Purpose The purpose was to observe how the addition of salt affects the freezing point of ice cream. Background Information Water is made of water and hydrogen molecules, when bonded, they form a crystalline structure called ice (worldofchemicals.com). During the change of water from a liquid to a solid, water molecules move slow so they can’t leave the intermolecular attraction between water molecules
bonds hold water together and give it its cohesiveness. These bonds are also very important to water's ability to absorb heat, as without hydrogen bonds water would have a boiling point of -80 degrees C and a freezing point of -100 degrees C. In reality, however, water has a boiling point of 100 degrees C and a freezing point of 0 degrees C. The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one Celsius degree is called a Calorie. One Calorie is about twice as much energy as
salt works by decreasing the melting or freezing point of the liquid. The result is called 'freezing point depression'. This method has both advantages and limitations, and though using salt to de-ice the roads saves many lives each year, it has considerable drawbacks. When salt (NaCl) is combined with water (H2O), an external compound is dissolved and introduced to the solution. The freezing point of H2O becomes lower as more particles are added until the point where the salt can no longer dissolve
same; makers marked the low point on the scale during the coldest day in Florence that year. They marked the high point during the hottest day. Fahrenheit wanted thermometers to be reproducible during the year and realized the trick wasn't using the coldness or hotness of a particular day or place, but finding materials that changed at certain temperatures. For seven years Fahrenheit worked on an alcohol thermometer scale, based on three points. He chose the freezing point of a certain salt-water mixture
his journey, the man gets his feet wet as he falls through the ice into the water of a hot spring (London 122). Because of the severity of the cold, some “one hundred and seven degrees below [the] freezing point,” the man’s life depends upon his ability to promptly light a fire to keep his feet from freezing (122-23). After one, half-successful fire-starting endeavor, and several other pitiful attempts, the hopelessness of the man’s lone struggle against the hostile environment of the Yukon begins to
basic properties include having a density of 8.96grams/ centimeters3. Density is a measure of mass per unit of volume in a substance. Copper has a melting point of 1083.3 degrees Celsius. A melting point of a substance is the temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid. Also, the freezing point of Copper is 2567 degrees Celsius. The freezing point of substance is the temperature a liquid changes to a solid. There are also many physical properties of Copper including conductivity, malleability, ductility
Kalabaka Climate Greece is perfect for those who enjoy the sun, as for over two thirds of the year the country basks under clear, sunny skies. Temperatures do vary, however. Winters are mild and rainy, with temperatures sometimes dropping to freezing point, especially in the north. Summers are long and dry, with extremes of 37°C (99°F), making the yearly mean temperature about 17°C (63°F). For those not overly fond of the heat, the mountainous areas offer some respite as they receive more rain in
understand the construction methodology of arctic roadbuilding we need to understand the mechanics and properties of permafrost. It's All About Heat * What is Permafrost? Permafrost is defined as ground that has been at a temperature below the freezing point of water for more than two years. A large portion of the ground in Alaska is defined as permafrost (some estimates say as much as 80 percent). Permafrost can extend to a depth of several hundred feet, or it can be as little as several feet deep
Sometimes it would get really freezing down there and he didn’t even have anything to cover him. Dad would occasionally sneak him scraps of food, but if he didn’t he would have to starve. 5-Bathroom This is where mother played many games of torture with Dave. She played 'Gas Chamber' which is a dangerous game where Dave has to stay in the bathroom with many different chemicals causing him to choke. She also made him swallow ammonia and made him sit in a bathtub of freezing cold water for hours. Main
An Analysis of the Man’s Epiphany in "To Build a Fire" The short story "To Build a Fire," written by Jack London, is a tragic tale of an overconfident, inexperienced man traveling through the brutal, sub-freezing conditions of the Yukon with only the companionship of a dog. The man, un-named in this story, arrogantly decides to break from the main trail to take a less traveled route against the advice of the seasoned old-timer of Sulfur Creek, who warns of traveling alone in such severe conditions
gives out energy. The energy differences between the two tell us how much energy was given out or taken in. We can show this on a graph. Alcohol particles will break their bonds when they mix with oxygen. This is known as exothermic reaction. Boiling points will be increased because energy is needed bonds can be formed and broken. Breaking bonds need less energy than is needed to form bonds - exothermic reaction. Bigger molecules use high energy to be broken. Methanol and Ethanol have differences as
many of them said that everyone else did so why not try it. Well that young curiosity is leading to a life-long addiction of spending more than $50 a week on cigarettes, lighting up after every few hours, and standing outside in the bitter cold freezing to have a few drags. Peter Brimelow wrote an article called Thank You for Smoking. Peter is a senior editor for Forbes magazine; this is taken from Forbes magazine on July 4, 1994. This was in my written communication book as an example of an
Settlers maintained their crops and livestock, but while doing so the temperature drops past the freezing point. Children were attending school when the blizzard started to make its way toward the prairie. Unprepared with the proper clothing to at least have a fighting chance to stay warm during the frigid temperatures. These children were without over
Helium (Greek helios,"sun"), symbol He, inert, colorless, odorless gas element. In group 18 of the periodic table, helium is one of the noble gases. The atomic number of helium is 2. Pierre Janssen discovered helium in the spectrum of the corona of the sun during an eclipse in 1868. Shortly after it was identified as an element and named by the chemist Sir Edward Frankland and the British astronomer Sir Joseph Norman Lockyer. The gas was first isolated from terrestrial sources in 1895 by the British