Successful Counterinsurgency (COIN) operations entail a thorough understanding of the character of war in question and the perspectives, objectives, strengths, and weaknesses of the enemy. This essay identifies David Galula’s two Laws of Counterinsurgency that most reflect US COIN strategy in Afghanistan. It will compare Galula’s theory of Counterinsurgency to the two basic COIN theories of “Hearts and Minds” and “Cost/Benefit”. Finally, a basic COIN theory will be identified that most resembles
The large variety of insurgent movements around the world has demonstrated that each of them belong its identifiable roots. Furthermore, instead of similar patterns in tactics, techniques and/or procedures used to achieve their ultimate goal, insurgencies are unique depending of their nature. This is the reason why each insurgency presents a dissimilar group of characteristic or principles that identify them. As a matter of fact, those characteristics should be managed with circumspection by any
the body from “foreign invaders.” Immunity can be divided in two three different defenses, and these are defined as first, second and third lines of defense. The first line of defense for the immune system is the primary defense against pathogens entering the body from the surface in order to prevent the start of disease and infection. Some examples of the first line of defense is the skin, protecting the external boundaries of the body, and the mucous membranes, protecting the internal boundaries of
Domestic Politics and Foreign Policy Although the aspirations and goals of states are often motivated by external political pressures, analysis of recent foreign policy decisions demonstrates how internal political forces can play equally crucial roles in the pursuit and execution of these objectives. Thus, it would be invalid to claim that domestic politics and the nature of regimes play minor roles in either the goals a state pursues or the means it employs to reach them. By understanding
Abdulaziz Al Saud. He ascended the throne in January 2015. Other major political figures include the crown prince, Prince Mohammed bin Nayef and the defense minister, son of King Salman, Mohammed bin Salman. Power struggles between these individuals “creates an aura of instability” despite the crown prince’s increases in military spending and internal security to combat violent extremism (Mustafa, 2015). The government of Saudi Arabia also contains legislative and judicial branches. These branches
of the European Union. More specifically I would like to examine the European Union¡¯s struggle to develop its own institutions for maintaining international order. These are collectively known as its Common Foreign and Security Policy. Europe's Collective Security The Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) of the European Union (EU) was officially established by the Maastricht Treaty and became operational in 1993. However, the European Union has been concerned about collective security
small. Without it, policies would never be completely efficient and fraud would run rampant. Internal audits find whether the policies, systems, and procedures are performing up to par and offer accountability. External audits provide a report card for the financial statements of the company along with any mistakes, while providing suggestions for improvement. The choice of which type of audit: internal audit, external audits or both, is dependent on the company. Both provide excellent benefits to
It was permitted to slip by after a few years. In 1969 came the "Maintainance of Internal Security Act" prominently known as the MISA. In 1974 came the Conservation of Foreign Exchange and Prevention of Smuggling Activities Act—prominently known as the COFEPOSA. While the MISA was coordinated against subversive political activities, the COFEPOSA is likewise coordinated against
Where you “stand” is your ideals, your influences, and your situation and where you “sit” refers to your opinion on a matter based on where you are “standing”. This quote is in reference to decision-making in organizations and can be applied to foreign policy decisions of states. “Where you stand is where you sit” can be understood in terms of the Bureaucratic Politics Model, which focuses on crisis decision making within an executive branch of government. The Bureaucratic Politics Model “zeros
president of Russia, Vladimir Putin, once said, “It's alarming that military intervention in internal conflicts in foreign countries has become commonplace for the United States,” during an interview with The New York Times when asked about the overseas interventions of the Unites States. In other words, he is pointing out how our country is interfering significantly in international conflicts and others nation’s internal problems, in recent times. The United States of America has been involved in numerous
than the revenue collected from taxation, tariff, and other fee revenues, the country must borrow money to cover the deficit it faces which when accumulated over the years becomes the national debt. In addition, there are two types of national debt, internal and external debt. Today the debate over the national debt crisis continues and many U.S. citizens are concerned about their financial future. Although, both the Democratic and Republican parties have their own opinions on how to fix this issue
8 percent annually between 1978 and 1995. And China has foreign exchange reserves of about U.S.$140.6 billion, primarily from foreign direct investment. For China's leaders, the economy is the most important factor determining future military power. The director of the political department of the People's Liberation Army's (PLA) Guangzhou Military Region described national power as a combination of economic strength and the "level of defense modernization." Chinese leaders believe that economic growth
The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, or FCPA, is an act that was put into place in 1977 to control the dealings US persons or entities would have with foreign officials. The act make it unlawful for any US party to pay, whether it is directly or indirectly, with money or anything else of value, to a foreign official in exchange for obtaining or retaining a business (FCPA Enforcement). In addition to this, any company that trades securities in the US is required to file periodic report to the Securities
Leagues ultimately. The Delian League has its mission or goals for which it was formed. It was formed as a direct response to the Persian threat of invasion of Greek territory. Its goals were to ward off Persian threat of invasion in the sense of defense, go ahead to attack and punish Persian for its aggression in the sense The Greeks of smaller city-states found the league a trap they were in from which they could no longer escape or secede and spare themselves from the overwhelming influence of
Interest groups and Foreign Policy Introduction In this paper I am going to compare and contrast how interest groups both internal and external affect the foreign policy of a developing nation and how they affect the foreign policy of a developed state. Foreign policy is a strategy a government uses in dealing with other states. Interest groups or special interest groups are any association of individual or organizations that on the basis of one or more shared concerns, attempt to influence public
a certain extent. I, however, disagree. If we run the risk of negotiating with the terrorists instead of funding defense then the United States would lose the only protection they have if negotiations fail. According to Anup Shah, most Americans think of the stereotypical Muslim when they hear terrorist. With the number of terrorists growing over the decade, there are over 28 foreign terrorists’ org... ... middle of paper ... ...declared war and President Bush had no choice but to fight. Al Qaeda
the foreign policy level, and the balance of power at the systemic level” (Nau, 2012, p. 10); and, further argues that polarity between powers... ... middle of paper ... ... in soviet foreign policy at the end of the cold war. Foreign Policy Analysis, 1, 55-71. Retrieved from http://graduateinstitute.ch/files/live/sites/iheid/files/sites/political_ science/users/jovana.carapic/public/Snyder_Bridging the Realist-Constructivist Divide_The Case of the Counterrevolution in Soviet Foreign Policy
during the crises of the third century, Roman grand strategy began to shift to a defense in depth approach, stripping the borders of their defenses and creating a large mobile field army. Thereafter, the defense in depth approach remained the prominent Roman grand strategy employed throughout the third to fifth centuries. Arther Ferrill also corroborates this account of a shift in Roman grand strategy to a defense in depth approach. He cites Constantine as the emperor who created a mobile field
53). The thymus bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen, liver, appendix, tonsils, adenoids and lungs are all organ’s of the immune system. Bodies Defense The bodies first line of defense includes the presence of physical and chemical barriers. These limit entry of microorganisms into the body. “These include: intact skin and epithelial surfaces that act as mechanical barriers, presence of normal micro flora on the
the beginning the middle of the 15th century. When the time passes, the golden ages of Malacca ended in the year of 1511 which is after the Portuguese attack. The fall of the Malacca kingdom is affected by two factors which are internal factor and external factor. Internal factor consists of the weakness of the administration and weak leaders. Many historians agreed that the fall of Malacca kingdom start from Sultan Mahmud Syah took over the throne. At that time, the Chief of Minister was Tun Mutahir