Chapter I Introduction 1) Introduction 2) Fly ash an overview 3) Classification of fly ash 4) Impact of fly ash on environment 5) Remedies 6) Uses of fly ash 7) Strength of flyash 8) Stabilization of flyash 9) Lime an overview 10) Issue for the millennium INTRODUCTION Disposal of residual waste is one of the greatest challenges faced by the manufacturing industries in India.The waste products which are produced from these industries are generally toxic in nature, are easily ignitable
Tennessee Fly Ash Slurry Spill Largest Recorded On December 22, 2008 in Roane County, Tennessee, the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) Kingston Fossil Plant had a dike rupture releasing more the 5.4 million cubic yards of coal ash into the Emory River. There were no recorded deaths or serious injuries , but the surrounding ecosystem was affected severely. The ash slurry contained heavy metals such as arsenic, barium, chromium, mercury, nickel and many more, all of which were released directly into
Coal Ash Introduction On February 2, 2014, a coal ash spill occurred in Eden, North Carolina which affected the Dan River; wildlife, drinking water, and other surroundings were destroyed or contaminated. The spill was caused by a leaky 48-inch storm water pipe located in a defunct steam station. The spill not only devastated its surroundings, but “sent millions of gallons of sledge” into the river which is used by North Carolina and Virginia citizens for drinking water (Shoichet, 2014). The leak
By definition, a pozzolan is “a siliceous or siliceous and aluminous mate¬ria that reacts chemically with calcium hydroxide (lime) to form com¬pounds having cementitious properties.” In early civilizations, natural pozzolans were mixed together with lime to produce hydraulic cements, whereas today natural or artificial pozzolans are usually used together with portland cement. The hydration of the calcium silicate compounds, C3S (or alite) and C2S (or belite), in portland cement produces abundant
materials that also have pozzolanic or latent hydraulic properties. These very fine-grained materials are added to the concrete mix to improve the properties of concrete (mineral admixtures), or as a replacement for Portland cement (blended cement). Fly ash: A by-product of coal-fired electric generating plants which is used to partially replace Portland
INTRODUCTION Concrete is a product made by using a cementing medium; which is the reaction between hydraulic cement and water. Concrete is made with different types of cements that contain pozzolan, fly ash, blast furnace slag; as well as sulphur, admixtures, polymers and fibres. These concretes can be heated, pressured hydraulically and sprayed. Concrete is made up of water, fine and coarse granular aggregates secure in cement or a binder. The cement will fill up the spaces between the aggregates
2.6.2 Hardened properties of colored concrete A) Compression test Valeria Corinaldesi, et al. evaluated compressive strength of concrete. The Compressive strength of concrete was determined at 3, 7 and 28 days age of curing. The addition of both red and blue pigments caused a certain strength loss never higher than 3 MPa. Moreover, the use of CaO together with shrinkage reducing admixture (SRA) allowed to fully recovering the slight strength loss due to the red pigment addition. At the dosage of
Introduction: Concrete : The word concrete comes from the latin word “concretus” (Meaning compact or condense) . Concrete is made by mixing (Cement, Water, Course and fine aggregate, admixture as required) The main theme of our project is to determine the compressive strength of concrete specimen under the implementation of cold and hot water curing. As cold and hot water effects concrete in different ways which will be further tested and analyzed on the basis of various previous researches, and
3.2 MATERIALS 3.1.1 Cement: Ordinary Portland cement available in local market of standard brand was used in the investigation. Care has been taken to see that the procurement made from a single batch and is stored in airtight containers to prevent it is being affected by atmospheric, monsoon moisture and humidity. The Cement is tested for its various proportions as per IS 4031-1988. The specific gravity was 3.10 and fineness was 3200 m2/Kg. The details are given in Table 4.1.1. The cement confirms
Table of Contents Type chapter title (level 1) 1 Type chapter title (level 2) 2 Type chapter title (level 3) 3 Type chapter title (level 1) 4 Type chapter title (level 2) 5 Type chapter title (level 3) 6 1.0 Introduction Compressive strength of cube testing is to measure the compressive strength of concrete using the cube test. The property of concrete tested is compressive strength. Curing is the maintaining of an adequate moisture content and temperature in concrete
Ordinary Portland cement (C 53 grade) conforming to the requirements of IS 12269 (ASTM C 150-85A) was used in the study. Natural river sand was used as fine aggregate and crushed angular granite stone was used as coarse aggregate. Coarse aggregate with combined grading of 50% passing through 20mm sieve and retained on 12.5mm and 50% passing through 12.5mm and retained on 4.75mm sieve conforming to IRC 44 was adopted. The bulk specific gravities of the coarse aggregate and fine aggregate were 2
Fly Ash Fly ash is a by-product of coal from power stations. It helps to improve the durability of concrete. Through the observation under the SEM test, It can be noticed that the fly ash sample consists of almost regular spherical or cenospheres particles ranging 2 um to 14 um in diameter (Ismail et al., 2007). This is due to the fact that fly ash is produced by fusing small and light particles that remain suspended in the burning chamber but are captured afterwards by electrostatic filtration
QUESTION 1 [ 20 MARKS] Complete the following statements. Note that you are allowed to ONLY use terms from the list below; other terms WILL NOT be accepted. ( 10 MARKS) The appearance of water along with cement particles on the surface of the freshly laid concrete A measure of how well concrete will handle freezing and thawing, wetting and drying, and physical wear. The ability of a hardened cement paste retain its volume after setting without delayed destructive expansion The property determining
gave way. According to a report by AECOM, the firm hired to perform the root cause report, a “combination of the high water content of the wet ash, the increasing height of ash, the construction of the sloping dikes over the wet ash, and the existence of an unusual bottom layer of ash and silt were among the long-evolving conditions that caused the ash spill at Kingston Fossil Plant” (TVA, 2010). The resulting slide sent a wave of over a billion gallons of sludge out on the 300 acres of land surrounding
Tennessee coal ash spill occurred in December 22, 2008. A dike failed at Tennessee Valley Authority spilling billion gallons of coal ash. The ash had been stored and contained arsenic, selenium, lead and radioactive materials. These materials are very toxic. This spill is an example of environmental crime because it was caused by the Tennessee Valley Authority. An environmental crime is considered to be a white collar crime also known as corporation crime (Beder, 2002, pg 213). News media highly
analysis of the form of ideology of Evil Dead 2 Evil Dead 2 is a film directed by Sam Raimi who has set out to make a film of the comicall horror genre. The story is obviously the sequel to Evil Dead and follows the exploits of the same character ?Ash? as he takes a trip with his new girlfriend ?Linda?. Raimi has a history for making these types of films with obvious style similarities being seen between ?Evil Dead? and its sequel. ?Evil Dead? was the first feature length film Raimi made after quitting
If you do just one thing tonight, make sure it’s watching Sharknado. This straight-to-television movie, which charts the destruction caused by hundreds of sharks being flung from tornados (the clue's in the title), will be the best rubbish movie you’ve seen in ages. Not convinced? Here are five reasons to tune in… It’s raining sharks Slung from tornados, having been scooped up from their ocean home, the mountain of sharks featured in the film hardly even look like sharks. In fact, they spend as
Groundhog day is a worldwide tradition, it was started by the German. It is about a groundhog telling a superstition to see if another groundhog sees its shadow. Now if the groundhog sees its shadow then there are six more weeks of Winter. If it doesn’t however, there will be an early Spring. There are many things groundhog day is important, the groundhog’s origin, how did the U.S.A celebrated Groundhog’s Day and what we do now/ current. Groundhog day is very interesting. Groundhog day has been
Infamous: Second Son is an open world, action-adventure video game. Developed by Sucker Punch Productions and published by Sony Computer Entertainment for the PlayStation 4. The story follows the protagonist Delsin Rowe; Delsin is your average day hooligan who is a burden to his older brother who happens to be a police officer. Over the course of the game, Delsin acquires various different superpowers which will eventually allow him save the people from his village and get revenge for them. Overall
belief in the Catholic religion. In 'Araby,' the imagery of the infamous 'Fall' is presented to the reader within the second paragraph to indicate its importance. The themes of religious masses can be found in 'Eveline.' The concept of the Catholic Ash Wednesday is presented throughout both 'Araby' and 'Eveline.' The second paragraph of ?Araby? presents the idea of the Adam and Eve story known as ?The Fall.? ?The wild garden behind the house contained a central apple tree and a few straggling bushes