2.2 Flavonoid in Pharmaceutical Flavonoids are widely distributed in plants, fulfilling many functions. Flavonoids are the most important in plant pigments for flower coloration, producing yellow, red, or blue pigmentation in plants designed to attract pollinators. In higher plants, flavonoids are involved in UV filtration, symbiotic nitrogen fixation and floral pigmentation. They may also act as chemical messengers, physiological regulators, and cell cycle inhibitors. Flavonoids, which are polyphenolic
indicates that flavonoid intake reduces cardiovascular related deaths in women who are post menopausal (ajcn.org). The study, which was conducted over a 16 year period, has shown that foods rich in flavonoids may have a protective benefit in post menopausal women. flavonoids may shield women from coronary heart disease, cardiovascular disease and stroke, according the the study, reports Reuters. Foods that are rich in flavonoids include fruits, vegetables, chocolate and red wine. Flavonoids are antioxidant
substantial number of human intervention studies with green and black tea had all demonstrated a significant increase in plasma antioxidant capacity in humans after consumption of moderate amounts of tea (1–6 cups/tea). Overall, they concluded that tea flavonoids are potent antioxidants that are absorbed from the gut after consumption and significantly increase the antioxidant capacity of the blood. Beneficial effects of increased antioxidant capacity in the body may be the reduction of oxidative damage to
made up of saturated fat which has a neutral effect on high blood pressure. The cocoa component of chocolate contains the blood pressure lowering ingredient known as flavonoids. Flavonoids are polyphenols and have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral properties. So the higher the percentage of cocoa solids, the more flavonoids. This means there is less sugar and more bitterness to the chocolate (Brill, Janet Bond,
The Theobroma cacao tree is where it all started. Olmecs, Aztecs, and Mayans were the original consumers of cocoa: they would form it into a drink and ingest it for medicinal reasons (Allen Par. 7). The Spanish then brought it back to Europe and continued to treat a variety of ailments with it (Allen Par. 7). In the last 40 years people have started to question the health benefits of chocolate, but new research is starting to prove that the Olmecs, Aztecs, Mayans and Spaniards were not too far
3. Materials and methods Fenugreek seeds were purchased from local market of Hissar, Haryana. Seeds were cleaned to remove any extraneous material. Raw seeds were dried at 40±5 °C in a hot air oven to increase its keeping quality and stored in air tight containers at ambient temp. Raw fenugreek seeds Germination Fenugreek seeds (20 g) were soaked overnight in water at the ratio of 1:5 (w/v). The excess water was drained
What are aronia berries? The Aronia Berry is said to be a superfood and is considered the healthiest fruit in the world today. It has richer antioxidant properties as compared to raspberries and blueberries. The bush plant which looks like a cranberry, is known to ward off several ailments and diseases. The plant was first cultivated by the indigenous Indians in North America centuries ago, and was eaten as aphrodisiac and medicine. It has a sharp taste when eaten raw; hence, was given the name chokeberry
The Frenchman Descartes described common sense as: Good Sense is, of all things among men, the most equally distributed… And in this it is not likely that all are mistaken: the conviction is rather to be held as testifying that the power of judging aright and of distinguishing Truth from Error, which is properly what is called Good Sense or Reason… but solely from this, that we conduct our thoughts along different ways, and do not fix our attention on the same objects. For to be possessed of a vigorous
(ex. Quercitin) 2. Proanthocyanin • Flavonol (ex. Epicatechin, Catechin) 3. Isoflavone • Flavone Flavonols are the dominant type of flavonoid found in cocoa beans. These agents also inhibit oxidation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) to hinder lipid peroxidation, which is a major contributor to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular dysfunction. In addition to flavonoids, dark chocolate contains a composition of fats which originate from cocoa butter. It is made up of oleic acid, stearic acid and palmitic
Top Ten Benefits of Eating Kale Kale is a leafy green member of the Brassica family, one of the cruciferous vegetables well known for their healthy sulfur-containing micro-nutrients. Experts now agree that cruciferous vegetables like kale should be a regular part of a healthy diet. Enjoy kale raw in salads, added to soup, lightly steamed or as part of a stir-fry dish. No matter how you eat it, Kale is one of the healthiest vegetables available. Here are a few of the health benefits of including kale
Healthiest vegetables, spinach comes out at the top of our ranking list for nutrient richness. Rich in vitamins and minerals, it is also concentrated in health-promoting phytonutrients such as carotenoids (beta-carotene, lutein, and zeaxanthin) and flavonoids to provide you with powerful antioxidant protection. We recommend boiling for just 1 minute to minimize loss of nutrients and flavor. History Spinach is thought to have originated in ancient
Brassica oleraceae var. Italica becomes favorable due to the health-promoting compound which benefits to the consumer. Despite various benefit from broccoli consumption, this plant is sensitive to heat where nutrient easily loss. World Healthiest Foods, WHFoods recommended quick steaming method with only 4 minutes total steaming time in order to enjoy broccoli without a significant nutrient loss since broccoli is clearly sensitive to total steaming time. G. Yuan., B. Sun., J. Yuan., and Q, Wang
ETYMOLOGY OF ANDROGRAPHIS PANICULATA A. penocalete os e lergi ginas uf hirbs fuand on thi Indu-Meleye, Afroce, Brezol end elsu thi cintrel uf Amiroce Nurthwerd ontu Mixocu (Alegisebuupetho, 2000). It os en ennael plent whoch gruws tu thi hioght uf 1 – 3 ft. It os uni uf thi must wodispried plents asid on thi Uneno end Ayarvidoc tredotounel midoconis. It os en irict end brenchid plent woth lenciuleti griin lievis (Remmuhen, 2009) 2.2. DISTRIBUTION OF ANDROGRAPHIS PLANT A. penocalete cunsosts uf 28
Therefore, in this study, the total phenolics content and total flavonoids content of the faba beans’ extract were investigated. Folin-Ciocalteu phenol method estimated a total phenolic content of 22.415 GAE equivalents (µg GAE/mg sample). The presence of a high phenolic amount in the faba seeds indicates its potential as a good natural antioxidant. It has been recognized that flavonoids show antioxidant activity[24]. The total flavonoid content of the reconstituted extract was estimated by the aluminium
REVIEW OF LITERATURE Honeybees collect nectar and pollen from flowers as food source. The nutrients needed to grow colony populations and maintain their health comes from nectar and pollen. Nectar which is then converted in to honey, provides carbohydrates. Pollen as bee-bread supplies dietary requirements such as proteins, lipids, vitamins and minerals (Huang 2010; Degrandi-Hoffman 2013). A review by Wakhle (1981) reported the versatile characters of pollen and bees products. The royal-jelly produced
other compounds identified in R.coriaria (Table 1). The most chemical composition group in Rhus species was hydrolysable tannins derivatives, flavonoid derivatives and other compounds (Bursal and Köksal, 2011; Kosar et al., 2007b; Zalacain et al., 2003). In totally, 40.83% of chemical compounds was allocated to hydrolysable tannins, 30.89% to flavonoid, 4.71% to anthocyanin, isoflavonoid and terpenoid, 0.52% to diterpene, 19.89% to other compounds and finally 1.04% to unknown compounds (Fig.
with high levels of flavonoids, it was shown that adults over the age of 50 benefited the most. Flavonoids provide protection for plants, and when we consume them, we benefit from their antioxidant power. Antioxidants help the body’s cells resist damage from free radicals (Cleveland Clinic, 2004). The reason for the benefits of cocoa is that it controls the activation of nitric oxide synthase, an enzyme, that keeps blood vessels open allowing the blood to flow. Flavonoids may also lessen stiffening
Cytosolic β-Glucosidase (hCBG) is a xenobiotic-metabolizing enzyme that hydrolyses certain flavonoid glucosides. This type of enzymes play a role in the metabolic detoxification, with a series of enzymatic reactions that neutralize and solubilize toxins, and then transport them to secretory organs. Flavonoid glusocides is a family of molecules in which a sugar is bound to another functional group by a glycosidic bond, and play numerous roles in living organisms, mainly in plants. Since the hCBG
1. Introduction Medicinal plants have been used extensively as sources for numerous active constituents for treating human diseases and for its therapeutic value (Nostro et al., 2000). The use of plants in treating ailments has been known for thousands of years through the empirical knowledge gathered about the usefulness and harmful properties of different plants and by intuition. Many of these indigenous plants are used as food plants, added to food meant for pregnant women and nursing mothers
Phytochemicals are chemical compounds that occur naturally in plants that give the plant their characteristic colors, smells, or tastes. The word phytochemical literally means plant chemical, since the prefix “phyto” means "plant" in Greek. The color and smell of certain phytochemicals may be useful to the plant in attracting bees for pollination. Some phytochemicals protect plants from destructive insects and microbes. Colorful pigments in skin of fruits and vegetables protect the plant from