The first step to the unknown is selecting an actual organism. The best way to select a culture is based on a high-quality distribution. Equally important, shaking up the broth tube facilitates in the distribution. Upon selection, a gram check for purity is performed. Step by step instructions for this procedure can be found in Benson’s, Microbiological Applications p. 99. Furthermore, an aseptic technique must be performed for this test and the entire tests following the unknown. The purpose of
positive as a facultative aerobe; however, if there is only growth within the reazurin region, the organism is an aerobe. Gas Pack: the gas pack will indicate the organism’s ability to grow under anaerobic conditions. A gas pack is used to contain an inoculated brewers plate enhanced with a reazurin indicator and protective thioglycollate reducing agent. If there is growth present on the plate, then the organism would
Imagine a rare, life-threating complication of a simple bacteria, causing many awful symptoms. One may have bleeding, bruising, diarrhea, and much more – all of which could resemble another aliment. However, with a simple culture that reveals one certain type of bacteria, one may be look at something much more serious. Toxic shock syndrome fittingly earns the name “syndrome” in its title as syndrome refers to “a disease that cause a variety of ailments” (1). As mentioned previously, toxic shock syndrome
Living thing need air to breath. Air unseen and untouchable. Air are consist of nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and other gaseous. Nitrogen is an important element for the living organisms to live and to form the complex organic molecules such as proteins and amino acids. However, most of the living organisms such as plants can only use the nitrogen which already in compound form because the pure nitrogen is inactive and the strong triple bond between its atoms are difficult to break. In order to
To perform this test we first did a Gram stain on our organism to determine if it was gram-positive or gram-negative. After this we performed a mixed Gram stain by incorporating our organism with a known bacteria that stained opposite of unknown. We were given the size of the known bacteria and performed a comparative analysis under the microscope to determine the size of
nature purge of the dead matter through the disintegration of dead organic matter by the microbes. They use them as a foundation of nutrients, and in turn help in recycling the organic compounds trapped in the dead matter. Through this process, other organisms also get profited, who can use the simpler forms of organic compounds/nutrients released from the dead matter by various bacteria. Figure 1: Decomposition of organic matter by Bacteria (Image source: http://www.teachoceanscience.net)
Fermentation of Yeast Abstract Because living organisms are similar in their processes, they are all expected to uptake energy from their environments in order to perform biological work. Examples of such processes include cellular respiration and fermentation.In the experiment we performed, yeast served as an organism that in the presence of glucose,conducted fermentation to make chemical energy,in the process producing alcohol and carbon dioxide as products. The experiment that was conducted
Escherichia coli is a member of the family Enterobacteriaceae. It is a bacterium with a cell wall that has many components. Escherichia coli can live without oxygen which means that it is a facultative anaerobe. It is also capable of fermenting lactose under anaerobic conditions, and in the absence of alternative electron acceptors. There are effects and various factors that limit its growth rate. Its morphology consists of a rod-shaped gram negative bacteria that is commonly found in soil, water
experiment, I utilized unknown number three which I later identified as Staphylococcus epidermis. I concluded that the unknown organism was Staphylococcus epidermis based on numerous tests performed in the laboratory which I will discuss in detail throughout this paper. One of the first tests performed was the Gram Stain. The Gram Stain differentiates bacterial organisms according to their cell wall structure. Gram-positive cells will stain blue to purple whereas Gram-negative cells will stain red
Enterococcus faecalis is a genus of gram positive cocci and form short chains or are arranged in pairs. They are nonmotile, facultative anaerobic organisms and can survive in harsh conditions in nature. There are over 15 species of the Enterococcus genus but about 90% of clinical isolates are E. faecalis. E. faecalis is a nosocomial pathogen because it is commonly found in the hospital environment and can cause life-threatening infections in humans. It is a bacterium that normally inhabits the intestinal
identify the unknown bacterial species provided. MacConkey agar, a selective and differential medium which is designed to isolate and differentiate the gram negative enteric bacteria. Bile salts and crystal violet inhibit the growth of gram positive organisms. Lactose provides a source of fermentable carbohydrate, allowing for differentiation of lactose fermenting bacteria from lactose non-fermenting gram negative bacteria. It uses for differentiate gram negative bacteria between phenotypes with mutations
Effect of refrigeration and covering of mayonnaise on the growth of bacteria. Abstract. Growth is characteristic feature of life; this simply means the regulated and coordinated enlargement in biological mass over time. Bacterial growth involves division of one cell of the bacteria into two cells in a process known as binary fission. Specific conditions are required for the survival of bacteria. Most bacteria require environments that are moderate, suitable and assure optimum growth. The common conditions
Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a member of the Enterobacteriaceae family of organisms. It is a non-spore forming, facultative anaerobic, gram negative rod capable of growing on a variety of media and, similar to other members of the Enterobacteriaceae family, contains the enterobacterial common antigen. Most E. coli are part of the normal flora of the human gastrointestinal tract, however some strains are pathogenic and capable of causing clinical disease. Epidemiologic classification of E. coli is
of food sources, their respiratory abilities and other biochemical conditions found in nature. The results of these tests prove that the unknown organism is Citrobacter freundii hereby referred to as C. freundii. C. freundii is a member of the Enterobacteriaceae family, like all the other unknowns given in this test. The species is a facultative anaerobic and is a gram-negative bacilli. C. freundii is a non-spore forming, motile bacteria that are long rod-shaped with a typical length of 1-5 μm. The
Microbiology is the biological study of organisms that are too small to be seen with the naked eye (1). Microbiology includes examining a variety of different microbes such as bacteria, archaea, protozoa, fungi and viruses (1). By examining these microbes, their relationship with people and the environment they grow in, is better understood. These examinations of microbes have played a major role in comprehending how microbes can be helpful and harmful, and how they should best be dealt with. With
some microorganisms are present in the body as normal flora, in anatomical sites where they contribute to normal body functioning. For example, bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract contributes to digestion and maintains healthy gut function. When organisms are
good laboratory practices. Some of the instructions that everyone should follow are discussed below. SAFETY IN MICROBIOLOGY LABORATORY The techniques and the micro-organisms involved in the practical must possess minimum risk to the workers. This is therefore necessary that good practices are adopted always when working with mico-organisms because they can be potentially pathogenic. All the equipment and culture media must be sterilized properly before performing the experiment. Preparation of stock
Bacillus anthracis (anthrax) is a bacterium that infects organisms through sporulation. Bacillus anthracis is can be aerobic (needs oxygen) or, facultative anaerobic (does not require oxygen). It is also a gram positive bacterium that can be found in the soil of humid and damp climates (Hicks, 2012). The bacterium is part of the species Bacillus Cereus (Koehler, 2009). It is known to infect life forms four different ways. Infection can be caused through digestion, eating food that is contaminated
1.1. INFECTIOUS DISEASES: Emerging Infectious Diseases (EIDS) are a disease of infectious origin whose incidence in humans has increased within the recent past threatens to increase in the near future. Over 30 new infectious agents have been detected worldwide in the last three decades; 60% of these are of zoonotic origin, and more than 2-3rds of these have originated in the wildlife (Dikid et al., 2013). The inevitable, but unpredictable, appearance of new infectious diseases has been recognized
TITLE OF THE PROPOSAL Does human preparation of salads cause food poisoning? JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDY The association of food and microorganisms were developed long before beginning of recorded history. Foods are not only classed as nutritious to consumers, but are also play an excellent source for microbial growth. The spoilage or contamination of food all depends on the microorganisms. Food poisoning is an illness that is caused due to the consumption og eating food that is contaminated. The