Background An enzyme is a biological catalyst which speeds up biochemical reactions, such as digestion and respiration, but they remained unchanged at the end of the process (Walpole, Merson-Davies, and Dann 53). Problem Question What is the effect of the substrate concentration on enzyme activity? Hypothesis As the concentration of the substrate increases, the rate of reaction also increases until it reaches its maximum point where all enzyme molecules are already active due to the solution becomes
The Effect Of Substrate Concentration On The Activity Of The Enzyme Catalase A Level Biology Project Aims This is an experiment to examine how the concentration of the substrate hydrogen peroxide affects the rate of reaction of the enzyme catalase. Introduction This is a real A-level school project and as such is intended for educational or research purposes only. Extracts of this project must not be included in any projects that you submit for marking. Doing this could lead to being
a ruler. Theory Enzymes are special shaped protein molecules which act as catalyst and work in living organisms. Enzymes help speed up the rate of reactions. Each enzyme has a unique 3D shape which means that they work with certain types of substrates. This is also known as ‘lock and key’ because the shape of the substrate fits into the shape of the enzyme, just the way a lock and key do. Enzymes work by attaching itself to the substrate molecule. The substrate molecule brakes down where
The respiration of an organism involves an intricate use of enzymes, and so some knowledge about them is necessary. Enzymes can be described as biological catalysts, which alter the rate of a chemical reaction without themselves being used up in the process; thus they can be used repeatedly. Enzymes do not themselves create reactions, just speed up reactions that would have otherwise happened naturally. Being proteins, enzymes have a three-dimensional structure. Within this structure, a
secreting the enzyme zymase (a complex of 12 enzymes) in the yeast, which acts on simple sugars such as glucose. The alcohol produced has been used in making wines and bears and the carbon dioxide produced has been used in baking as it gets trapped in the dough and causes it to rise. Enzymes are catalysts which speed up reactions, they are made from protein and are specific as to which substrate they work on. Enzymes basically work due to the lock and key theory, where the substrate substance
starch and amylase will be. I predict this because of the lock and key hypothesis. The lock and key hypothesis explains how the substrate molecule (the starch) fits inside the enzyme. The substrate molecule is then broken up into many smaller pieces. In this experiment the larger the volume of amylase (enzyme/active site) there is then the quicker the starch (substrate) will be broken down, resulting in a fast reaction rate. Therefore, a smaller amount of amylase will result in a slower reaction
of the participation of enzymes. Enzymes are biological catalysts, compounds that speed up a chemical reaction without being used up or altered in the reaction. The material with which the catalysts reacts, called the substrate, is modified during the reaction to form a new product. But because the enzyme itself emerges from the reaction unchanged and ready to bind with another substrate molecule, a small amount of enzyme can alter a relatively enormous amount of substrate. This report will illustrate
Affect of the Rate of Reaction of Amylase on Starch and How Its Affected by the Concentration of the Substrate Equipment list Ø Test tubes Ø Measuring cylinder Ø Thermometer Ø 3 pipettes Ø Starch solution Ø Amylase Ø Iodine solution Ø Water Ø Water bath Ø Spotting tile Ø A stop watch Ø Goggles Ø Beakers Health and safety ================= Remove all hazardous jewellery such as dangling earrings, bracelets, and chains. Make sure items of clothing
How the Concentration of the Substrate Affects the Reaction in the Catalase Inside Potato Cells Introduction Enzymes are made of proteins and they speed up reactions, this means that they act as catalysts. Hydrogen peroxide is a byproduct of our cell's activities and is very toxic. The enzymes in our bodies break down the hydrogen peroxide at certain temperatures they work best at body temperature, which is approximately 37 degrees. At high temperatures, the cells begin to denature. This
Investigating the Effect of Substrate Concentration on Catalase Reaction Planning -Aim: The aim of the experiment is to examine how the concentration of the substrate (Hydrogen Peroxide, H2O2) affects the rate of reaction of the enzyme (Catalase). -Background information: Enzyme Enzymes are protein molecules that act as the biological catalysts. A catalyst is a molecule which can speed up chemical reaction but remains unchanged at the end of the reaction. Enzymes catalyze most of the
are two types of respiration in yeast: Aerobic: [IMAGE] Anaerobic: Glucose [IMAGE] Carbon dioxide + ethanol + energy Respiration is controlled by enzymes, which are proteins which speed up one or more biological reactions. Within any cell many chemical reactions are going on at any one time. Yeast has many different types of enzymes that speed up respiration. Prediction I predict that as temperature increases, the rate will also increase, until a certain optimum temperature, after
The Effect of Substrate Concentration on the Rate of Reaction Between Yeast Catalase and Hydrogen Peroxide Useful info The Enzyme Catalase is a protein molecule which is found in living cells. It is used to speed up reactions in the cells. It is a very specific enzyme and just performs one particular reaction. Catalase is an enzyme found in cells in potatoes and liver and is used for removing Hydrogen Peroxide from the cells. Hydrogen Peroxide is the poison produced during metabolism
dependability of the rate of an enzyme-mediated reaction is based on two factors: the substrate concentration and the concentration and action of the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction (Vander, et. al., 2001). Enzymes are catalysts that produce chemical reactions in cells. Enzymes which are large proteins perform a reaction which acts upon a substance known as a substrate. When combined, the substrate bonds to the active site on the enzyme creating an enzyme-substrate complex. It is from this complex
that Affects Enzyme Activity Planning -------- Aim --- To investigate a factor which will affect the activity of catalase, whilst keeping all variables constant. Possible Independent Variables ------------------------------ Here are a number of possible independent variables that could be changed in the experiment: Independent variable Continuous/Discontinuous Easy to measure? Volume of substrate used Continuous Yes Type of enzyme Discontinuous
Investigating the Effect of Enzyme Concentration on the Hydrolysis of Starch with Amylase Aim: Investigate the effect of enzyme concentration on the rate of an enzyme-controlled reaction. Using amylase and starch as my example. Introduction: I am investigating the effect of the concentration of the enzyme, amylase on the time taken for the enzyme to fully breakdown the substrate, starch to a sugar solution. The varied variable will be the concentration and all other variables are going
at which pH level the enzyme digests starch solution most efficiently. My hypothesis: I predict that mammalian amylase will have an optimum pH that is more neutral then bacterial amylase which I think will have a more acidic optimum pH. [IMAGE]Background Theory for this experiment: An enzyme is described as a biological catalyse. This means that its helps all of the reactions in the body by speeding them up and helping them react with there particular substrate to form a reaction. In
Enzymes Enzymes are biological catalysts. A catalyst is defined as a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanentchange. Enzymes do precisely this in living things. Without them, the rate of the reactions would be so slow as to cause serious, if not fatal, damage. Enzymes have two main functions: To act as highly specific catalysts, and also to provide a way of controlling reactions, the amount of enzyme determines how quickly the reaction
An enzyme can be defined as a protein that acts as a catalyst in a biological system. It increases the rate of reaction by decreasing the activation energy. The catalytic power and specificity of an enzyme can be altered by the binding of certain molecules. These molecules are referred to as inhibitors. An inhibitor works to prevent the formation, or to cause the breakdown of an enzyme-substrate compound. There are two categories of inhibitors. The first being irreversible inhibitors, and the second
investigation on the effect of substrate concentration (manipulated by increasing concentration of pH buffer) of catalysed reactions by measuring the volume of oxygen produced as the reaction proceeded. Enzymes are biological catalysts - catalysts are substances that increase the rate of chemical reactions without being altered itself. Enzymes are also proteins that fold into complex shapes that allow smaller molecules to fit into them. The place where these substrate molecules fit is called the active
enzymatic reaction also known as enzyme kinetics involves enzymes which are catalysts which speed up a reaction without being used up itself and do not appear as reaction products. Kinetics measures the rate of a chemical reaction to help determine the concentration or quantity of the enzyme of interest. Km and Vmax are used as constants in any enzyme reactions. (1) Vmax is known as the maximum velocity at which the reaction can be catalysed. It is used to measure the enzymes concentration and is found