Nollan vs. CCC Abstract of: 483 U.S. 825, 97 L. Ed.2d 677 James Patrick Nollan, et ux., Appellant v. California Coastal Commission. Case Definition: The case is Nollan versus the California Coastal Commission. The Nollans were the appellates against a decision made by the California Coastal Commission (CCC). The Nollans had been leasing a property on the California coast with which they had an option to buy. The property lies directly at the foot of the Pacific Ocean and is a prime piece of
INTRODUCTION The environment consists of ‘all, or any, of the following media, namely, the air, water and land’ as defined by the Environmental Protection Act of 1990, Section 1, of The United Kingdom (Kidd, 1997). The environment can thus be divided into three main components namely terrestrial, aquatic and atmospheric. The environment can be further divided in to two classes, natural and unnatural environment. The natural environment refers to and includes all living organisms and nonliving things
1.0 – Introduction Theoretically, Environmental law is a combined term describing international treaties, statutes, and procedures. In fact, it works to control the interaction of humanity and the natural environment. Generally, it may be separated into two most important subjects: pollution control and remediation . Development of international environmental law as a separate area of public international law began in the mid-1970s with the Stockholm Conference. Subsequently interest has progressively
in the past. The global climate is changing and resources are dwindling with astounding speed. To head off the problem or even just slow the degradation, states have set laws and regulations on potentially harmful practices. In doing so, they protect the environment, everything, and everyone in it. “According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), human activities release some 147 million metric tons of air pollutants (not counting carbon dioxide or windblown soil) into the atmosphere each
Environmental law is a broad form of law developed to regulate how human activities affect the physical and biological environment (Doremus et al 2008, 2). Environmental law can be large scale or small scale, global or local; but it takes the cooperation of many different agencies to be successful. Overall, environmental law has contributed to a healthier environment in many ways. Since the beginning of environmental law and regulation, society has seen advancements in sanitation, pollution, air
the world around us, which caused the government to create several groups to enforce laws and regulations against these unethical operating businesses. These questions are similar to those frequently asked by many economists when discussing the subject of business environmental laws and ethics. A business must decide how they want to run their business, unethically by cutting corners or abiding by ethical and law standards. This issue comes down to the standpoint wherever businesses may fall on if
by others. Economic freedoms exist when individuals are free to use, exchange, or give their property to another as long as their actions do not violate the identical rights of others (Vega-Gordilio & Alvarez-Arce, 2003). Environmental laws are established by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) who works with state, federal, and other government agencies to issue limitations on individuals and organizations in order to protect the environment, endangered species, and others from harm (Coons
Impact of environmental law on the law of economics Environmental law primarily aims to internalise an externality, by forcing or incentivizing the polluter to take into account the pollution it is causing in its decision making process. Hence, environmental law and economic principles are deeply intertwined in order to better tackle environmental problems in a cost effective way. In fact, environmental law is viewed through the lens of economic efficiency by many economists and legislation-making
Environmental laws are becoming even more important as time goes on. If environmental laws were never created, the Earth would be much less pleasant than the Earth we have today. Without environmental laws, industries and companies would be able to do business without any regard for people or the environment. While more money could be made by not having to obey environmental regulations, there would be many future implications that could potentially cost people more money than it would to follow
Evironmental Law: Enforcement Measures and Effectiveness Pollution, why is it still running rampant in our environment today ? Are there no laws to control or stop it ? In regards to these questions, Canada has a great many laws to stop and regulate pollution. But despite this, why is it still happening. What are Canada's so called enforcement measures and are they effective ? We have the Environmental Bill of Rights and the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, just to name a few. Sure some polluters
way they have done this is by keeping the land prices artificially low; this is so the TNC can build factories and other building for less money. They also have a relaxed attitude to environmental laws so the TNCs do not have to pay out for expensive treatments for their waste so it complies with strict laws like the ones they have in the US, UK and Japan. Another thing that attract TNCs to NICs is the cheap labour cost, weak unions and lack of minimum wage. This means that the TNC can pay
societal good has been addressed in patent law, environmental utility or “good” is addressed nowhere. Given the landscape of environmental policy in the United States, it is a thought-provoking proposition as to whether patent law should be interpreted or altered to meet the assurances of our country’s environmental regulations seeing as many of them are established at a federal level yet carried out at the state level. For example, should patent law allow an invention or technology to become protected
time-consuming element of environmental policy for as long as there have been restrictions on these emissions. However, the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA), signed into law in late 1986, set forth a number of standards that required polluters to disclose information about their emissions levels to the public and started a chain of events that has led to the creation of numerous information disclosure policies. One of the main thoughts behind these laws, aside from the benefit
Ozone and Global Environmental Politics A thin layer of gas called atmosphere surrounds the Earth. The atmosphere serves two important purposes: it is a filter for the suns dangerous ultraviolet radiation rays and keeps the heat, necessary to maintain life on earth, within the stratosphere (Vorlat 361). Ultraviolet light is incredibly dangerous to all the organisms within the Earth's ecosystem because it causes skin cancer, effects the immune system, and harms plant and animal life. For that
My views of the environment are rooted in my belief in creation. I do not believe that life on earth began spontaneously, nor do I believe that the earth is so delicately balanced. I don’t believe that the earth and its ecosystem are fragile. Many radical environmentalists do, they believe man can come along, all by themselves and change everything for worse. After hundreds of millions of years, they believe that we are the last two generations of human existence. And they think we can destroy the
Juvenile Delinquency: Genetic or Environmental “Oh, well, I’ll end up in jail anyway! It’s in my genes!” This was the heartfelt declaration of a 15 year-old teen. Was it inevitable that he follow in his father’s footsteps on the path of delinquent behavior and subsequent brushes with the law? Was juvenile delinquency actually a by-product of genetics or could it be a product of “behavioral sink”- that environmental abyss that absorbs so many teens? Definition of delinquency Although
employing environmental initiatives. Companies will enjoy financial benefits in return for environmental action, but whether a firm may see financial reward depends on several conditions that must be met. However, if conditions are not met, environmental initiatives will still benefit companies in a multitude of other areas. Many companies are able to accept a win-win strategy towards adopting environmentally friendly practices, because of the positive correlation between environmental actions and
Environmental Justice: Some Ecofeminist Worries About A Distributive Model ABSTRACT: Environmental philosophers, policy-makers and community activists who discuss environmental justice do so almost exclusively in terms of mainstream Western distributive models of social justice. Whether the issue is treatment of animals, human health or property, wilderness and species preservation, pollution or environmental degradation, the prevailing and largely unchallenged view is that the issues of environmental
The Environmental Causes of Schizotypal Personality Disorder Schizotypal personality disorder (SPD), is considered by many as part of the schizophrenic spectrum. It is characterized by discomfort with other people, peculiar patterns of thinking and behavior, and eccentricity. These may take the form of cognitive or perceptual disturbances. Yet, unlike schizophrenia, these psychotic symptoms are not as fully developed as delusions or hallucinations but instead can be characterized as perceptual illusions
Defining Environmental Philosophy The Greek word 'philosophy' means literally the (filial) love of wisdom. But 'wisdom' is not a commonly used word in our society so we need to make some effort to locate its meaning. What is indicated by the tradition in which philosophy seeks wisdom rather than merely knowledge or justified belief? While Plato and Aristotle did not agree on the basis of wisdom, they clearly did agree that wisdom is acquired with age and that it transcends mere knowledge