Escherichia coli is a member of the family Enterobacteriaceae. It is a bacterium with a cell wall that has many components. Escherichia coli can live without oxygen which means that it is a facultative anaerobe. It is also capable of fermenting lactose under anaerobic conditions, and in the absence of alternative electron acceptors. There are effects and various factors that limit its growth rate. Its morphology consists of a rod-shaped gram negative bacteria that is commonly found in soil, water
using appropriate antibiotics. It helps to determine which antibiotic is resistant or susceptible to certain bacteria (Barry et al., 1979). Twelve different types of antibiotics were dispensed on a large Mueller-Hinton agar plate containing Enterobacteriaceae. These antibiotics include AmC-30, AZM-15, CF-30, CIP-5, GM-10, P-10, PIP-100, PB-300, RA-5, SD-0.25, Te-30, and Va-30. Successful antibiotic effects will be seen through clear and circular inhibition zones around the ant... ... middle of
Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Information WHAT IS CRE? CRE stands for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. CRE infections are caused by a type of Enterobacteriaceae bacteria that is no longer affected by carbapenem antibiotic medicines (drug-resistant bacteria). Carbapenems are a group of antibiotics that are frequently used to treat serious infections. Small amounts of Enterobacteriaceae bacteria normally live in the intestines of some people, and it usually does not cause problems
Explain the biochemistry behind the Citrate Utilization test – how does it work? 1) Describe the Kirby – Bauer test. What are bactericidal vs bacteriostatic, zone of inhibition, MIC, resistance breakpoint vs susceptibility breakpoint? The Kirby-Bauer test uses antibiotic-containing disks to test whether a specific bacterium is susceptible or resistant to specific antibiotics. Bactericidal are drugs that kill the organism. Bacteriostatic are drugs that stops the bacteria from diverging, but it does
Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a member of the Enterobacteriaceae family of organisms. It is a non-spore forming, facultative anaerobic, gram negative rod capable of growing on a variety of media and, similar to other members of the Enterobacteriaceae family, contains the enterobacterial common antigen. Most E. coli are part of the normal flora of the human gastrointestinal tract, however some strains are pathogenic and capable of causing clinical disease. Epidemiologic classification of E. coli is
with sulfamethoxazole - trimethoprim and fluoroquinolones[7,10,12]. However, due to the frequency of antibiotic use, recurrent or chronic UTI and inappropriate use of antibiotics leads to the resistance of the common uropathogens specifically Enterobacteriaceae[13]. Other factors that lead to the acquisition resistance such as adaptation, transduction, conjugation, transformation, transposons, and efflux are also one of the reasons that render the commonly used antibiotic less effective. According
Yersinia is a genus of bacteria that belongs to the Enterobacteriaceae family (Adams and Moss 2010). It is a rod-shaped, gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, non-spore forming, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative bacterium (Adams and Moss 2010). The genus was named after Alexandre Yersin who was a French bacteriologist in 1894 (Adams and Moss 2010). There are three species in the genus Yersinia: Yersinia enterocolitica, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Yersinia pestis (Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute
The Presence of Fecal Contamination in Nearby Water Samples. Brittany Stamper 03/21/2015 The University of Southern Mississippi The Presence of Fecal Contamination in Nearby Water Samples. Abstract The presence of coliforms in a water supply can mean there is fecal contamination circulating in that water, which we tested for in this experiment. It is hypothesized that all of the water supplies will exhibit the presence of fecal coliforms, because they are all outside sources of water
known as the Modern Plague. It wasn’t until the end of the Modern Plague that scientists discovered the causative agent and mode of transmission of the Yersinia pestis bacterium. Yersinia pestis is a zoonosis disease categorized in the family enterobacteriaceae. It is a non-spore forming, gram-negative coccobacilli that, when grown on agar, forms pin-point white/translucent colonies. Defining qualities of the Y. pestis are it’s bipolar staining, it’s negative test results for lactose fermentation
Klebsiella Pneumoniae Klebsiella pneumonia is a gram-negative, encapsulated, lactose-fermenting, non-motile, facultative anaerobic, urease positive, indole-negative, rod-shaped bacterium that is in the Enterobacteriaceae family (Tufts University, n.d.). Klebsiella is typically found in the nose or mouth, gastrointestinal tract (CDC, 2012). Klebsiella pneumonia was first discovered in 1882 as a pathogen that caused pneumonia (). Klebsiella can cause various types of health-related infections in the
1. Why are biochemical tests used to identify microbes? Biochemical tests are used to identify microbes in the laboratory to aid in pinpointing the different groups of bacteria. The bacteria vary in the cellular morphology and staining properties as well as structural and metabolic properties. Using biochemical testing, it permits a keener study at related organisms. In addition, the use of numerous color changes that occur with the test, allow to for a rapid identification of comparisons and
1. Location: Mandritsara (Madagascar) 2. Diseases listed: Malaria, Dengue, Plague 3. Details of the outbreak On 10 December 2013, BBC news/Africa reported a deadly outbreak of bubonic plague in a village near Mandritsarad in the north-western part of Madagascar. The outbreak that occurred a week earlier, was revealed after the death of 20 people in the village. Tests conducted on the bodies by The Pasteur Institute in Madagascar certified that the death was related to the bubonic plague. Since
ability to eliminate urine completely. Bacterium such as Escherichia coil (“a gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium of the genus Escherichia that is commonly found in the lower intestine of warm-blooded organisms”), other Enterobacteriaceae (a large family of gram-negative bacteria), Staphylococcus saprophyticus (a gram-positive bacterium) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( a common disease that causes disease in humans) all commonly cause UTIs. People with diabetes, type 2 in particular
become informed about the risks of consuming them raw. A study in 2008 which tested the bacterial DNA purified from 4 retail samples of alfalfa sprouts from different producers in various regions of the United States found that most bacteria are Enterobacteriaceae, a large family of gram negative bacteria, including Salmonella, Escherichia coli (E. coli), and Shigella as well as Listeria (a gram positive bacterium) (1). Understanding the bacteria in alfalfa sprouts and other fresh produce such as salad
however, enters the urinary tract, wounds, or the lungs it can become pathogenic. Proteus mirabilis commonly causes urinary tract infections and the formation of stones. Microbiological Characteristics: Proteus mirabilis is part of the Enterobacteriaceae family. It is a small gram-negative bacillus and a facultative anaerobe. Proteus mirabilis is characterized by its swarming motility, its ability to ferment maltose, and its inability to ferment lactose. P. mirabilis has the ability to elongate
In today's medicine, correctly and quickly identifying a patient's illness is essential for proper treatment. In order to execute this, biochemical tests of various magnitudes are used to identify what a patient may be infected with. In our lab, we received an unknown sample of urine. After several biochemical tests, we determined our unknown specimen to be Enterobacter aerogenes. This particular bacterium is gram-negative, with rod shaped morphology. In order to determine whether our specimen
food sources, their respiratory abilities and other biochemical conditions found in nature. The results of these tests prove that the unknown organism is Citrobacter freundii hereby referred to as C. freundii. C. freundii is a member of the Enterobacteriaceae family, like all the other unknowns given in this test. The species is a facultative anaerobic and is a gram-negative bacilli. C. freundii is a non-spore forming, motile bacteria that are long rod-shaped with a typical length of 1-5 μm. The
If the oxidase test was to be negative then the bacteria would have to be S. flexnery. S. flexneri is a bacterium that causes diarrheal disease, and it’s a “facultative anaerobe belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae” (“Shigella flexneri”, n.d). However, if the oxidase test came as positive then the bacteria would have to either P. aeruginosa or A. faecalis (“Microbiology 20 Biochemical Unknown, 2009). Then an indole test will have to be done. An indole
Prutias valgeros wes doscuvirid tu bi thi anknuwn urgenosm eftir sivirel tists wiri cuncladid. Forst, e grem steon wes duni tu ditirmoni of thi anknuwn wes grem nigetovi ur grem pusotovi. It tarnid uat tu bi e grem nigetovi urgenosm, su farthir tists wiri urdirid besid un thos fect. Thi tists oncladid wiri e OF glacusi tist, e Cotreti tist, e SIM tist, end elsu e Uriesi tist. Thi OF glacusi tist cemi uat pusotovi fur e stroct firmintir biceasi buth tabis tarnid yilluw. Thi Cotreti tist cemi uat nigetovi
1. Introduction: I have chosen Food Irradiation as the non-thermal food technology that shows promise for food applications. Non-thermal methods of food processing have become very interesting to those involved in the food processing industry in the last few years. Thermal methods usually dominated the food processing industry; however, these methods can have an effect on the food flavour, texture and nutritional values. However non-thermal methods are becoming more popular as there is minimal impact