As terrorists groups become better financed and more sophisticated, the opportunity for terrorism in the United States and Europe becomes much greater. Within the sphere of bio-terrorism, there are a variety of agents for terrorist groups to utilize, ranging from Category A, B, and C bioweapon agents. The whole board of biological weapon agents highlights the goal that terrorists have in common: to attack our core human biology and kindle the growing panic within each of us. Introduction Parallel
a physical cost. So, I would just slip back as a spectator on this one. As a physical therapist, I am inclined to learn more about the injury. From the study, it was presented that MRI is the best tool to establish the presence of bone marrow edema (BME) in the ankles and its clinical relevance (Elias et al., 2008). MRI can clearly visualize the normal anatomy and any fraying or tear of the ligament. Even more, it presents a clear image on soft tissue injury and its extent of injury and can
NURSING CARE PLAN Patient’s Initials: CH Student’s Name: PFC Kohler Medical Diagnosis: Spine-HALO Application Date:10/12/2016 1. PROBLEM 2. GOAL/ OUTCOME 3. INTERVENTIONS 4. RATIONALE 5. EVALUATION Dx: Activity intolerance R/T: inefficient work of breathing AEB: Shortness of breath during and after ADL’s SUB Mother reports “She cannot walk very far before needing her wheel chair”. OBJ SOB during ambulation Sa02 – 94% Respiratory Rate - 35 ST 1:. Patient will display adequate
Altitude illnesses are usually caused by ascending to high to fast. What occurs in the body is that as you go higher in altitude the oxygen molecules remain the same but the barometric pressure decreases. This reduced pressure does not allow as much air into your lungs, which can therefore not absorb as much oxygen as the body needs. (Curtis, 1999). Hypoxia refers to a state in which oxygen supply is insufficient and hypoxemia is specific to low arterial oxygen supply (West, 1977). The figure
However, with pulmonary edema the alveoli fill with fluid instead of air. Pulmonary edema is the ending result of abnormal build-up of fluid leads to shortness of breath. The term edema itself generally means swelling. This can happen either because of too much pressure in the blood vessels or not enough proteins in the bloodstream to hold on to the fluid
Cerebral Edema, Hypoglycemia, and Acute Pancreatitis. Cerebral Edema is a rare but fatal complication of diabetic ketoacidosis. To thoroughly describe the clinical signs of cerebral edema is characterized by “deterioration in the level of consciousness, with lethargy, decrease in arousal and headache. The timing of the development of cerebral edema is variable, within most cases occurring 4 to 12 hours after starting treatment. Several case reports showed the presence of cerebral edema before the
site occurred from the first to tenth day after injection were reported in nine out of ten cases. Color change in the skin from anthrax is unnoticeable due to it being similar to injecting heroin. Other reported symptoms are excessive bleeding and edema; if not treated the infected person would begin to develop organ failure (Hicks, 2012). In conclusion Bacillus anthracis is a bacterium that lives thrives in soil. It can infect its hosts in many ways. It can be lethal if not treated with the right
To begin I would like to talk about Altitude sickness, or Acute Mountain Sickness. I will define altitude sickness, talk about the symptoms, how to prevent altitude sickness, and how to treat it. I will then talk about what untreated altitude sickness can lead to. Altitude sickness is an illness you can get from ascending too high above sea level too quickly without acclimatizing to the decrease in oxygen levels. Altitude sickness, also called acute mountain sickness, is caused by exposure to low
are: Cerebral Edema, Hypolglycemia, and Acute Pancreatitis. Cerebral Edema is a rare but fatal complication of diabetic ketoacidosis. To thoroughly describe the clinical signs of cerebral edema is characterized by “deterioration in the level of consciouness, with lethargy, decrease in arousal and headache. The timing of the development of cerebral edema is variable, with most cases occurring 4 to 12 hours after starting treatment. Several case reports showed presence of cerebral edema before the
palpate extremities for edema and capillary refill, compare both sides. Rationale: o We look for capillary refill to monitor dehydration and amount of blood flow to the tissue. o For a normal capillary refill, a pink color should return 3 seconds after pressure is removed. o We look for edema by examining areas of the skin that is swollen or edematous from a buildup of fluid in the tissues. Assessment: o Finger capillary refill time less than 2 seconds, bilaterally o No edema present in bilateral
instance, heart failure may be shown as an acute condition as in pulmonary edema or as a chronic condition as in congestive heart
When looking at Dr. Maxwell’s case, it is evident that he is a clear victim of congestive heart failure. Dr. Maxwell’s medical history is the first piece of evidence that he has congestive heart failure. In fact, his medical history is very consistent with the pathophysiology of the disease. According to the Nelms et. al., pre- existing health issues are what lead to the initiation of this disease. 1 Comparing this to Dr. Maxwell’s medical history, we see that he has a long-standing history of coronary
only product that directly treats hyperaldosteronism, the excess production of aldosterone in the body (9). Spironolactone is in the aldosterone-receptor blockers medication category. Spironolactone is a diuretic mostly used to treat hypertension and edemas (8). The discovery that led to the development of spironolactone was aldosterone being found to be the third hormone in the adrenal cortex (6). Aldosterone is created in the zona glomerulosa that is a region of the adrenal cortex. The information
2. The feeling of fullness in the abdomen is related to the narrowing of pulmonary vessels from chronic long-term hypoxia and pulmonary hypertension. In turn, blood is backed up into the right ventricle of the heart causing systemic and dependent edema. This backflow of blood
the condition develops and the degree of cerebral edema that results from the low serum level of sodium. Symptoms of hyponatremia include poor skin turgor, dry mucosa, headache, decreased saliva production, orthostatic drop in blood pressure, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal cramping. Neurologic changes can also manifest themselves in altered mental status, status epilepticus, and coma; which may be to related to cellular swelling and cerebral edema (Hinkle & Cheever, 2014). The severity of these
Pregnancy Induced Hypertension (PIH) and Preeclampsia A. Discussion of disease/condition 1. Incidence Pregnancy Induced Hypertension (PIH) is a multi-organ disease process that develops as a result of pregnancy and regresses in the postpartum period. It usually develops after 20 weeks of gestation in a woman who had normal blood pressure. It is defined as an elevation of systolic and diastolic pressures equal to or above 140/90 mm Hg. In clinical practice, the terms PIH and preeclampsia
discharge. (Zelis, et al., 1974). The capacity of the peripheral vascular bed is increased and has reduced systemic venous return (Vasko, 1966). “Medical Phlebotomy” is a term that is commonly used to describe the effects of morphine of pulmonary edema (Vismara, Leaman, and Zelis, 1976). Unfortunately, morphine can have side effects that may result in suppression of the central nervous system and ventilator failure. In addition, morphine may aggravate bradycaradia, hypotension, and in small cases
artery and pulmonary capillary wedge pressures (Chopra, Badyal, Baby, & Cherian, 2012). Patients with pulmonary hypertension will typically present with dyspnea on exertion (Chopra et al., 2012). As the disease progresses, symptoms such as orthopnea, edema, angina, and heart murmurs may occur (Chopra et al., 2012). Pulmonary hypertension can be idiopathic or can develop due to street drug use, portal hypertension, and collagen vascular disease (Chopra et al., 2012). Pulmonary hypertension can lead to
Focused Clinical Research Questions Discovering new information applicable to the field of nursing begins by asking a focused clinical research question. According to Stone (2002), asking the appropriate question is essential for the research process that follows. Although there are countless nursing problems that are worth investigating, it is imperative to narrow the focus of the problems so they can be empirically tested (Adams, 2012). Personal clinical experience, professional literature, previous
to inflict excruciating pain and edema that can last for months. The first compound identified, Hyaluronidase, lowers viscosity to allow for a deeper penetration of the venom into tissue. A C-type natriuretic peptide called OvCNP-39 contributes to edema. OvNGF is a nerve growth factor that is responsible for extreme sensitivity to heat and pressure. The role of Defensin-like proteins is not well known, but it is believed that they contribute the pain and edema associated with the venom. An unknown