Free Digital signature Essays and Papers

party, so the recipient cannot claim that the information was not sent. Communication systems are widely interconnected and interdependent and use the same technologies to create a uniform digital world. In this era of digital information system resources are not safe from attacks. Public and widespread use of digital tools in communication quickly causes the creation of secure mechanisms. Cryptography technique is one of them. Cryptography is the basic encryption method used in implementing security

Introduction DigiNotar was a Dutch organization responsible for generation and issuing of Digital Certificates. The Digital certificates are basically used for securing the web traffic and it’s identification. The organization was a victim of a security breach in August 2011. This security breach enabled the attackers to access the company’s certificate signing servers and duplicate certificates for legitimate companies. This case will be discussed in the following sections to understand the underlying

is it convince. Everyone key is made public and the private keys are kept secret which individual will use to decrypt. The second advantage is that it allows for message authentication. The public key that person creates allows the use of a digital signature. This permits the recipient of a message to verify that the message is truly from the person who signed sent the information. Third it has detection of being alte... ... middle of paper ... ...and not the others. Also with the communication

Public key encryption is one type of cryptographic mechanism that uses asymmetric key pair to encrypt and decrypt the message which means the key used to encrypt the message differs from the key used to decrypt one. It was first published by Whitfield Diffie and Martin Hellman in the year 1976. A public-key encryption includes six main elements which are as follows- a. Plaintext: A message to be encrypted b. Encryption algorithm: The algorithm used to encrypt the message c. Public/shared key: This

INTRODUCTION Owing to the developed technology and cheap prices, wireless networks have increased more preferences over wired networks in the previous few decades.Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is agroup of mobile nodes armed with both a wirelesstransmitter and a receiver that connect with each othervia bidirectional wireless links either directly or indirectly.One of themajor benefits of wireless networks is it allows data to be communicated between different parties and still maintaintheir movement

are offered as reward to the miners who mine bitcoin. Bitcoin mining involves computing hashes and processing the bitcoin transactions into ledger called as block chains. Bitcoins are stored on a computer in a client called as wallet, which stores digital curency. TRANSACTIONS: The transactions involving bitcoins involve exchange of bitcoins. A bitcoin can be sent from one person to another if they know the public key of the person to whom they are sending bitcoins. This public key is called the address

Anyone can send a confidential message just using public information, but it can only be decrypted with a private key that is in the sole possession of the intended recipient. Furthermore, public-key cryptography can be used for authentication (digital signatures) as well as for privacy (encryption). Here's how it works for encryption: when Alice wishes to send a message to Bob, she looks up Bob's public key in a directory, uses it to encrypt the message and sends it off. Bob then uses his private key

Operating System Architecture By gaining control of computers, computer viruses, worms, trojans, software bugs, and bad people can create extraordinary damage by shutting down infrastructure, using online banking to steal money, or using robots to attack people. Our civilization is increasingly depended on computers for survival. Therefore, a fully secure operating system is essential for the society. Below is the architecture by which maximum security against viruses and other threats can be

of data being decrypted is unlikely • Secure • Fast and easy to implement Symmetric disadvantages • Cannot provide digital signatures that cannot be repudiated • sharing keys • cause a lot of damage if compromised • have difficulty with key transportation Asymmetric advantages • Scalable and does not require much administration • Easy for user to use • Can provide digital signatures that can be repudiated Symmetric disadvantages • slower due to longer key length • complexity of the encryption algorithm

around for thousands of years. Cryptography deals with authentication, confidentiality, and integrity of data. There are many different implementations of cryptography in information systems. This paper will cover hashing, encryption, digital signatures, and digital certificates. Cryptography dates back as early as the Egyptian Hieroglyphs that were carved into the Pyramids and other Egyptian artifacts. They are necessary designed to be secret but do pose the intrigue of anyone who wants to read

Name: Ahmed Iqbal Roll No: 12k-2031 Section: R1 Practical Applications Of: 1. Binary Search Tree(BST) Binary search tree is used in many applications where information is always entering and leaving, for example, map and set objects in many languages libraries. Storing a set of names, and you look up on that on the basis of the prefix of name basically used in internet routers. Storing a path in a graph and for being able to reverse any subsection of a path in O (log n) is time basically useful

This article includes the process of online business; how to sell a product, advertising, various ways to create awareness and how to become a reseller. Additionally it consists of Laws and conditions for an online business, spamming, electronic signatures and online sales tax. Online Business At the very start, internet revolution was known as a world wide web that would change everything. In 1990s, the concept of "online business" was created, this business is known by various names such as

III. BLACK HOLE IN MANET In black hole attack, malicious nodes absorb all data, transmitted by source node to destination instead forwarding the data to the next node. In AODV protocol Black hole attack is classified into two categories: Black hole attack caused by RREP and black hole attack caused by RREQ. A. Black hole attack caused by RREQ Following things happen when black hole attack form by malicious nodes or attacker while sending fake RREQ messages: • Attacker change the originator IP

have integrated digital fingerprint mechanism to enhance the authenticatio... ... middle of paper ... ... is generated using secure hash algorithm which is combined with digital signature to form a concatenated string. This concatenated string is then encrypted with the help of public key of receiver and sent to the cloud user who requested data. Then deciphered message is converted into the message digest by SHA for data integrity verification and RSA is used to validate digital fingerprint. 1)

if r = 0 go to step 1. 4. Compute k -1 mod n. 5. Calculate SHA-1(m) and on the other hand return this bit string to an integer e. 6. Compute s= k-1(e + dr) mod n. if s=0 then go to step 1. 7. A’s signature to the message m is (r,s). (c) ECDSA Signature Verification To verify A’s signature (r, s) on m, B obtains a required copy of A’s domain parameters D= (q, a, b, G, n) and associated public key Q. 1. Check that r and s are namely integers in the interval [1, n-1]. 2. Calculate SHA-1

a new RSA-based undeniable signatures approach for a group is proposed. A group member can sign a document on behalf of the group without revealing the identity of the actual signer. The group secret key is split into two parts by Group Manager, one part is provided, as his group membership secret, to the group member; and the other part is provided to a trusted security mediator, SM. In our scheme, it is ensured that the group public key size and the group signature length are independent of the

Professor Callahan, In response to your earlier request, I looked into Ms. Baker’s concern regarding whether the arbitration clause was properly incorporated into her original contract. After analyzing the applicable state statute and previous case precedents, it is clear Ashley Baker will not be able to prevent her former employer from incorporating the arbitration clause into her original contract. California’s West’s Ann.Cal.C.C.P. § 1281 states that; “A written agreement to submit to arbitration

Signature is one of behavioral characteristics of human that can be used to identify individual. Widely implemented in everyday life, signature has very high social acceptance cite{jain1}. Signature mostly has been used to verify important documents, such as bank checks. However, in many occasions, human eyes cannot distinguish genuine from forgery signatures, that will become a serious problem in security system. Therefore, the necessity of high accuracy automatic signature verification systems

never seem to take into account the possible change in how currency functions and is exchanged. So, how will our money work in the future? Will it be encoded on electronic tattoos on our arms, will it stay in paper form as it is now or will it become digital. In 2008 an anonymous user/s by the name of Satoshi Nakamoto published an idea on the internet for an electronic money system. After one year this idea came into existence; Bitcoin. Bitcoin is open sourced - the code is accessible for viewing- and

Digital Certificates General Introduction The creation of Digital Ids has become lately a big need since a variety of electronic transaction including e-mail, electronic commerce, groupware and electronic funds transfer have made a part of everyone's life especially those that accessing the net makes the basis of their daily work where nothing can introduce them or identify them but a digital certificate that is authenticated for the server. Thus, in order to prove your identity in electronic