Infants 43 (34.1%), pre-school 55 (43.7%), school age 25(19.8%), and adolescents three (2.4%). Males were 54.8%. There was no statistical gender difference in all age groups. The most common symptom in all age groups was dry, hard stool. Infrequent defecation was found in almost half the patients. Fecal incontinence was more common in school aged in comparison with preschool and adolescents. Abdominal pain was seen in almost 40% of our constipated children. Prevalence noticed to increase with age. Girls
Have you ever thought about how fortunate we are to have a proper bathroom system where we can go no matter the place or time? No matter what state you go you'll find a public bathroom pretty much everywhere most importantly a toilet. There's a public bathroom at the mall, airplane, grocery store, work, school, even when you travel on the highway. We don't have the necessity to suffer or hold it because we have the greatest inventions ever created close to us, but sadly, this is not the case of everybody
The process of toilet training may be considered the most challenging process that parents encounter with their child during the early stages of his or life. Toilet training can be described as an individualized developmental process that all children will progress at their own developmental pace and temperament, not the child’s chronological age. Toilet training should be a natural result of the child’s developmental readiness. Therefore the primary goal can only be achieved when the child is ready
could have undesirable side effects. Brunner and Suddarth defines constipation as, “an abnormal infrequency or irregularity of defecation, abnormal hardening of stools that make their passage difficult and sometimes painful, a decrease in stool volume, or retention of stool in the rectum for a prolonged period often with a sense of incomplete evacuation after defecation” (Smeltzer, Bare, Hinkle, & Cheever, 2010, 1068). Parents do not usually consider the importance of monitoring the bowel habits
Renova was founded in 1939 in Torres Novas. It started as an office paper producer but then moved on in time to become an important player in the disposable paper industry. By strongly investing in new national factories, Renova was able to start its international expansion during the 90’s opening in Spain, then France and Belgium . Although the new markets were producing positive results, Paulo Pereiro da Silva, Renova’s CEO, was concerned with the industry the company was inserted in: competing
1. Introduction: Atresia ani is a congenital defect of anorectum that can affect kitten and puppy. Affected animals will have abnormal routing of feces or anal canal closure (Bright & Bauer, 1994). It is uncommon to found atresia ani case in small animals and the true incidence of atresia ani cases cannot be determined as most of the affected newborn kittens or puppies will be euthanized due to the hypothesis that surgical repair for atresia ani is usually unsuccessful (Prassinos et al.,. 2003;
In the morning, I woke and for a moment, I didn’t have any thoughts about the war. That lasted until I went to the toilet. As I replaced the spent roll of toilet paper, I noticed that the motion of reloading the toilet paper rod was almost the same as reloading a clip in my weapon. I had read somewhere that life consists of what you think about. I thought about war every day and all day. It seemed only numbers and listening to my aunt as she taught me about the Druid traditions broke my concentration
The Changing Room Restroom Are changing rooms of large chain retail stores becoming a place for a political statement? In a reading by David Sedaris entitled Adventures at Poo Corner he discusses the topic of public defecation in the retail setting. Sedaris gives many possible explanations as to why this is, as well as providing a tremendous amount of examples. To determine that Sedaris truly isn’t making up these stories, some examples that are close to home—Sioux Falls, SD—will also be examined
The film World’s Toilet Crisis travels to India and Indonesia to highlight the major shortfall of restrooms around the world that in turn leaves citizens to turn to open defecation. It’s no secret that in developing nations the standard level of sanitation is lower, and this film addresses how open defecation is a threat to public health by infecting water sources and making them hazardous. The film also shares the work of those such as the World Toilet Organization that aim to improve sanitation
every day. This amounts to more deaths than AIDS, malaria and measles combined. Lack of sanitation thwarts the right to dignity. Sick and elderly people face a loss of dignity when sanitation facilities are not available in the near vicinity. Open defecation also strikes out the privacy of an individual which is a fundamental right under Article 21 of the Indian Constitution. The various environmental laws which have passed by the Indian Parliament and State Legislatures are based on the concept of
It is lunch time, my favorite time of the day, yet the most challenging time of the day, having to decide whether I should take a cheat day and eat a slice of pizza or be healthy and eat a salad? Not only do I have to decide between a pizza or a salad, now I have to think about what toppings my pizza should include. In reality, my mind has already made its decision, who can say no to pizza right? Yes, indeed I chose to eat a slice of pizza but it gets better, my slice of pizza is not an ordinary
perspective on the individual’s expectations of bathroom etiquette through our experiences with others and how we internalize these behaviors. Our society has institutionalized particular behaviors such as fixing our appearance, crying, belching, defecation, and flatulence deviant to perform in a public setting. Therefore, we rely on what Cahill terms as “performance regions” to relieve ourselves of these deviant behaviors. Public restrooms are performance regions that afford individuals the privacy
Background: Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a gastrointestinal syndrome characterized by chronic pain and irregular bowl movement with the absence of organ cause. IBS could be diarrhea-predominate or constipation-predominate. One of the pathophysiology that thought to cause IBS diarrhea-predominate (IBS-D) is a high level of serotonin especially after the meals. There are two type of serotonin that involve in the gastrointestinal system, type 3 (HT3) and type 4 (HT4). The purpose of this study
many ills. India is plagued by sanitation woes backed by lack of hygiene. Paucity of space in slums prohibits construction of toilets in homes. Absence of toilets leads to open defecation and it becomes a behavioral issue and sanitation drive by Sulabh International has not been sufficient. Innovative method of defecation has to be evolved which would not only be hygienic but also cost effective, Peepoo a bio degradable toilet disposal can be a cure to many sanitation woes. It has been successful
Similarly, it is recorded that each defecation of the baby is associated with the view on single mother with mental objects. The baby during defecation, actually he throws away the bad part to his mother. Here the most primitive “reflection” apparatus is seen; baby reflects the aggressive side of her mother that he does not want to be in itself
• Primary outcomes: Postoperative pain intensity and pain upon defecation • Secondary outcomes: Anal pruritis, wound discharge, wound infection, bleeding, flatal incontinence, further curettage, and other adverse drug events • Pain was assessed using the visual analogue scale (VAS) based on the patient’s subjective perception
Ancient Toilets and Sewer Systems Roman Toilets In ancient Rome, latrines were often affixed to the public bathhouses and were constructed with necessity in mind rather than privacy. Side by side seats were constructed of pierced stone or wood and placed above a stream of water supplied from the sophisticated aqueduct system for which the Romans were well known. These seats were not enclosed individually as are modern toilet facilities, but rather in long rows quite close together. Lacking the
Mary Shelley’s description of Victor Frankenstein’s mental world and behavior match the definition of a pathological narcissist to such a degree that it makes it quite improbable for her to have based the novel solely on well-developed religious and literary tropes. In other words, Shelley must have had real life experience with narcissism which she subsequently used as template for Victor Frankenstein. Freudian id, ego, and superego are the epitome of the creature that Mary Shelley created as a
Although the identity of the community who occupied the settlement at Qumran has been the object of much debate, most scholars believe that they were most likely members of the Jewish sect called the Essenes. The Essenes were widely known for their rules concerning ritual purity and several known historical authors mentioned them in their writings, including Josephus and Pliny the Elder. Eleazer Sukenik, who purchased three of the original seven Dead Sea Scrolls, arrived at the conclusion that the
According to Bakhtin, degradation which is a basic operation of the grotesque is associated with corporeality. It centres on “the lowering of all that is high, spiritual, ideal, abstract; it is a transfer to the material level, to the sphere of earth and body in their indissoluble unity” (19-20). Degradation of what is high subsumes the debasement of the human body. Yet, he indicates that degradation is based on an ambivalent act; it is both destructive and regenerative as it describes a backward