Compare and contrast the crystal structures and crystal chemistry of quartz, α-FePO4 and β-FePO4. Quartz (SiO2) is the second most abundant mineral on Earth and is of significant uses in both material and Earth sciences. Quartz crystals exist in polymorphs, which mean that the crystal structure of quartz will change depending on the temperature and pressure of the environment that the crystal is in. The crystal will be in its alpha-crystal form when the surrounding temperature and pressure is low
Figure 1 Crystal Structure of SiO2 and FePO4 This paragraph will compare and discuss the crystal structure and chemistry between quartz (SiO2), iron phosphate (FePO4) and also looking into the α and β phase of FePO4. From the understanding of the given materials and crystal structure of both SiO2 and FePO4, both of the crystal are quartz-type crystal, the crystal arrangement are quite similar except for the difference in structural parameters tilt angle δ and bridging angle θ. This similarly carries
Paragraph 1 The lattice arrangement of crystal structure FeSo4, mainly its alpha-FeSO4 and beta-FeSO4 counterparts will be thoroughly discussed and elaborated in this paragraph. At a low temperature of 294k, the FeSO4 crystal structure exists as alpha-FeSo4 or commonly known as the alpha-phase can be observed to exhibit a tetrahedral arrangement. First order transition is defined when the unique crystal quartz of FeSo4 changes to an octahedral structure during high pressures and temperatures of 980K
has a very strong lattice structure (an arrangement/ shape of the crystals or other objects) which in some case can be more beneficial than others depending on the type of application it may be used for. In many cases this structure will make the material more suited to being used in engineering applications such as tools for instance a hammer (stainless steel alloys) , also they can be used for gears, engines, electrical motors and hydraulic systems because the structure makes the material so strong
in the production of pharmaceutical solid forms3,4. Knowledge of the crystal structure allows the crystal engineer to know and manipulate the chemistry of the crystal in order to optimize exact characteristics performance 3. Furthermore chemical and physical properties of a material are dictated by crystallization process. The crystal properties such as: particle size, shape, surface characteristics, purity and defect structure, as well as thermodynamic and mechanical properties3 will be affected
” Approximately the same size as an atom, the wavelength of an X-ray is about 1 Å (10-10m). They occur in the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum between gamma rays and ultra violet light and have proved very useful in determining crystal structures since their discovery on November 8th, 1895. German scientist Wilhelm Roentgen was conducting experiments in his laboratory on the effects of cathode rays. Specifically he was observing the effect of passing an electrical charge through
precious gemstones and crystals. There are many people now and days rediscovering the many uses of gemstones and crystals. To my knowledge each, have many different uses. They can be used as adornments, for health, for healing and for spiritual practices. You have probably never even heard of stones or crystals in this fashion before. I am going to take this opportunity to tell you what I know about this fascinating world that I have grown very accustomed to. I am not a gemstone/crystal specialist but,
The unique nature of diamond is heavily dependent upon its composition, crystal structure, and mechanical, thermal, and electromagnetic properties.1 Of those dependencies, composition exacts the most influence over the characteristics. Crystal structure is the repeating pattern of diamond’s composition, and each of the properties are the result of molecular interaction which is determined by composition. Therefore, composition is paramount in the determination of the qualities of diamond. Before
Paragraph 1: Compare and Contrast the crystal structures and crystal chemistry of Quartz α-FePO4 and β-FePO4. The research paper discusses the inversion of quartz type FePO4 from α-FePO4 to β-FePO4 along the temperature range 294K to 1073K. We first take a look at the difference in lattice and space symmetry between the 2 polymorphs, α-FePO4 and β-FePO4. α-FePO4 is of the space group P3121, with a space group number 152. It has a trigonal lattice symmetry. β-FePO4 is of the space group P6422
A drone’s frame is its skeleton. Not only does its rigid structure support all the other components of RubiQ’s body, but it also defines how she measures up in the emerging world of drone classification. From insect-sized nano drones that slide snugly inside a shirt pocket to stealth combat drones operated by the military, not all drones all created equal. Because the field of drones is continually expanding, an official class system has yet to emerge — except when it comes to racing. In the world
Paragraph 1 (Compare and contrast the crystal structures and crystal chemistry of quartz, α-FePO4 and β-FePO4. Fully describes the crystallochemical relationships between the structures and the temperature dependence of polymorphism. ) This article focuses on the chemical structure of FePO4 between 294K and 1073K of thermodynamic scale, through high accuracy x-ray diffraction experiments. From the relatively lower temperature range, it acquires the chemical arrangement of an α-Quartz trigonal
temperature and pressure (the inversion point ) to another phase of the same chemical composition with a different crystal structure” . The crystal structure (II) is found to be disordered tetragonal, space group P4͞ 21m, a = 5.7193 , c = 4.9326 A0,,Z=2 . The phase (IV) of AN is stable between the temperature -18 and 32.30C. It belongs to the orthorhombic structure with space group Pmmn. It has a coordination number of two. The IV-III transition take place at near temperature
important area in the field of lattice dynamics as it contains rich and valuable information. It gives the information about the structure and chemical composition of the compound. Raman and infrared spectra is used in the identification of the molecule. This data is also helpful in determining the site symmetry occupied by the atom and its exact position within a crystal. Many inorganic complex structured compounds change their structural phase at particular physical conditions. These transitions
electronics will have crystals in their construction somewhere. From microchips with super-storage or photon-processing crystals, crystals will be everywhere. And they already are. Crystals are used in color changing paint and even in the touch screen of smartphones. Many famous scientists are researching crystals and how they could be used. Crystals are natural wonders of nature that are built in complicating and amazing structures that have the potential to be used everywhere. “[Crystals are a] homogeneous
frozen food occurs when temperature fluctuates during storage or transit, resulting in coarse texture. This technique is well suited to ice cream (Warren et al., 1992). Ice structuring proteins also find use in chilled and frozen meat, where large ice crystals may form intracellularly, resulting in drip and loss of nutrition during thawing. Since ice structuring proteins are located extracellularly in freeze-tolerant organism, these proteins can be added to food by physical means such as mixing, injection
Evaluation of the Fractal Dimension of a Crystal Abstract The purpose of this experiment was to determine the effects of voltage and molarity changes on the fractal dimension of a Cu crystal formed by the re-dox reaction between Cu and CuSO4. Using the introductory information obtained from research, the fractal geometry of the Cu crystals was determined for each set of parameters. Through the analysis of data, it was determined that the fractal dimension is directly related to the voltage
(the solvent) by heating. A solution is made, this is the dissolved solute in solvent. The solution is left to cool down, and the temperature at which the solute crystallizes is recorded. 3. Put more 4g water in the test tube. This makes the crystals dissolve again. 4. Do these things more than 6 times. 5. Make a table of the result. 6. Draw a graph, using a line of best fit. Table of the results: Total grams of KClO3 g Total volume of distilled water cm3 Temperature at
Lyotropic Liquid Crystalline Polymers Introduction to Liquid Crystalline Polymers & Brief History Liquid crystals (mesophase) are basically those compounds that have an intermediate state, thought of as forth state of matter. It has properties of both standard liquid and solid crystal. It can flow like a liquid, but its molecules are arranged in ordered manner. These are made from organic compounds and mostly used in displays like LCDs. (Chapoy, 1985) Liquid crystalline polymers are basically a
crystallization. The answer to why this works can be found in the physics of crystallization. To form a crystal you need something that the crystals can grow around a, nucleus of regularly arranged atoms (Science in school). Crystallization occurs most often when a liquid touches a solid surface or when the liquid contains crystalline impurities. It is kind of like the liquid copies the ordered structure of the solid. This is also know as heterogenous nucleation. In the liquid state, the neighboring
should be soluble in the hot solvent but insoluble in the cold solvent. The impurities should be insoluble in all temperatures of the solvent or slightly soluble in a cold solvent. The boiling point of the solvent should be low enough to remove the crystals. The solvent should not react chemically with the solids that are being purified. The solvent needs to have a boiling point lower than the melting point of the solids. -Dissolution – the mixture