the photosystems, and the photosynthetic pathways are still studied today because not everything about how they work and operate is known. There exists three different chemical pathways through which photosynthesis can occur: C3, C4, and Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM). These pathways happen during the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis. The CAM pathway has developed in plants that live in arid conditions, yet the C3 and C4 pathways can coexist in many different environments. What is interesting about
Triglycerides are a main source of energy for humans, which are storage molecules composed of fatty acids that may undergo fatty acid beta-oxidation when in need of energy (D. R. de Assis et al, 2003). Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCAD deficiency) is the most commonly diagnosed mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation disorder that prevents fatty acid conversion to energy (Rinaldo et al., 2002). MCAD deficiency is caused by mutations in the gene coding for the MCAD enzyme, and the
Vascular Epiphytes of Far North Queensland There are several definitions of epiphytic plants, each with a subtle difference. Heywood (1993) states that an epiphyte is, "A plant that grows on the surface of another, without deriving food from its host". Raven (1992) states that an epiphyte is, "a plant that grows on another plant, but is not parasitic on it." Basically, a plant that derives its physical support from another plant (host = phorophyte (Luttge 1989)) is an epiphyte. Epiphytes
Tracking C3 vs. C4 Grains in Beer "Beer. This beverage is derived from the brewing and fermenting of malted grain or cereal, usually barley and other cereals. The term "beer" is used generically to refer to any fermented drink made from malted cereal grains and comes from the Latin word bibere, meaning "to drink." The brew is flavored with hops, and the alcoholic content in contemporary beers in America is generally about 4 to 5 percent by volume. In the U.S., beer is normally taken to mean