highly concentrated structure, the conduct of the involved parties tends to initiate anti-competitive behaviours, which improves the firm performance. Competition can be measured within an industry by using various methods, the first is the concentration ratio which is the percentage of the market share owned by the biggest companies within an industry (Young, P 2014). The second measurement tool is the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI), which calculates the percentage of market shares held by all
Measures of Market Concentration Market concentration describes the extent to which the top firms in an industry, say in the car industry where the top five firms in the UK would account for nearly 90% of the market, take up a large portion of the market share. There are various methods used to measure this, which will be discussed in turn. ‘The concentration ratio is the percentage of all sales contributed by the leading three or five, say, firms in a market.’ (Maunder, P. et al (1991)
Investigating the Concentration of Citric Acid Problem ------- I have been set the task of determining the concentration of a sample of citric acid, using only a 1.0 M solution of sodium hydroxide and any laboratory glassware that is required. I have also been given the RMM of citric acid as 210g and I have been told that one mole of citric acid will react with 3 moles of sodium hydroxide. My Experiment ------------- Using this information I have determined that the best way
24000 cm3 at room temperature and pressure. Ca (s) + 2H2O (l) à Ca(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g) v Number of moles of hydrogen = volume of hydrogen / 24000 = 37/24000 = 0.0015416 mol = 0.001542 mol (4sf) v Number of moles of calcium = 0.001542 (ratio 1:1 with hydrogen) v Relative atomic mass of calcium = Mass of calcium / Moles = 0.10 / 0.001542 = 64.85084 = 64.85 (4sf) Method 2 -------- v 25.0cm3 of alkaline solution used. v Amount of acid used: Starting Amount of HCl used
examining the selection ratios for all job categories, it is determined that the evidence points to disparate impact discrimination. Historical Hiring and Promotion Data: Applicant Flows Occupational category Total White* Total Non-White African- American* Store Associates External hires Applicants 18226 15436 2790 594 Hires 3832 3221 611 135 Selection ratio 21.02% 20.87% 21.90% 22.72% Shift leader External hires Applicants 392 320 72 17 Hires 61 54 7 2 Selection ratio 15.56% 16.88% 9....
constant, K, is a measurement of the ratio of the concentrations of the reactants to products at which equilibrium is reached- the reaction will neither proceed in the forward nor reverse direction. In this experiment, the equilibrium constant is K= [Fe(SCN)+2] / [Fe... ... middle of paper ... ...esents itself that the actual experiment can’t be completed. If the equilibrium constant were to be calculated accurately, this could be used to calculate concentrations of various products or reactants
between color and wavelength of absorbance by using the Spec-20. The group was to measure each color at different wavelengths, and determine the absorbance rate at each level. The next goal was to determine the relationship between absorbance and concentration by obtaining the analytical wavelength, and creating a calibration curve. Finally, the last goal to finish the project was to determine the amount of phosphoric acid in the cola beverages. The phosphoric acid content
and a 20.38% difference from the 2.5cm cube’s result of 1.22%. Investigation 1’s results show that the most successful concentration of acid to diffuse through the phenolphthalein was the 1M with a percentage of 1.81. This is a 0.47% difference from the results of the 2M sulfuric acid. Graph 2 demonstrates that the diffusion percentage continued to incline when the concentration increased however starts to decrease past the 1.8 point. These results were unexpected and so a fifth trial was run in
Economists measure rivalry by indicators of industry concentration. The Concentration Ratio (CR) is one such measure. The Bureau of Census periodically reports the CR for major Standard Industrial Classifications (SIC's). The CR indicates the percent of market share held by the four largest firms (CR's for the largest 8, 25, and 50 firms in an industry also are available). A high concentration ratio indicates that a high concentration of market share is held by the largest firms - the industry
the movement of a substance along a concentration gradient from high to low, allowing essential nutrients and compounds to be transported without expending energy. Osmosis is a special kind of diffusion, specific to water. In order to observe diffusion and osmosis in real and artificial cells, a series of experiments was put together to observe how the surface area to volume ratio effects the rates of diffusion by using agar in different shapes with different ratios, next the rate of diffusion due to
concentrated solution will have a high concentration of water than the inside of the cell. Once the cell takes in maximum water the cell becomes turgid. If the cell was to be placed in a high concentrated solution, water would leave the cell because the cell would contain a low concentrated solution. So in the low concentrated solution there will be a high concentration of water and in the high concentrated solution there will be a low concentration of water. So what is happening is water
Investigation to Determine the Effect of a Range of Different Concentrations of Sugar Solutions on the Potato Cells Aim My aim is to set up an investigation to determine the effect of a range of different concentrations of sugar solutions on potato cells. I predict that the higher the concentration the more the length and mass of the potato chip will decrease. The lower the concentration the more the length and mass of the potato chip will increase. This should happen due to the law
Investigating the Effect of Different Concentrations of Sucrose Solutions on Potato Tiessue Planning For my GCSE biology coursework, I am going to conduct an investigation into the effect of different concentrations of sucrose solutions on potato tissue. Text Box: A measuring cylinder Apparatus =========================================== 18 test tubes [IMAGE][IMAGE] Text Box: 1M sucrose solution [IMAGE]A test tube rack [IMAGE] Cork borer Text Box:
- Timer - Electronic balance - Paper towels Method 1. The beakers and measuring cylinders were rinsed and dried to remove any cause for errors. 2. Sticky notes were used to label each beaker and petri dish with the concentration of NaCl (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%). 3. The concentration of each solution was made by measuring particular amounts NaCl and deionised water in separate measuring cylinders. For precision, all the solutes were measured at eye level, from the bottom of the meniscus. - The 0%
and the drug concentration in the filtrate was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis after appropriate dilution. The oil phase and surfactant that showed high solubility of HCA was used in the preparation of microemulsion. Construction of pseudo-ternary phase diagrams Water titration method was used in constructing pseudo-ternary phase diagrams at ambient temperature by choosing tween 80 as surfactant and ethanol as cosurfactant to obtain the concentration range of components
Design Research Question How Does the Concentration of Copper II Sulphate Solution Affect Its Transparency? Background information Copper is a transition metal and one unique property of transition metals is to create different types colored compounds . Copper(II) sulfate, also known as cupric sulfate or copper sulphate, is the chemical compound with the chemical formula CuSO4. Existing as a gray white powered in anhydrous form however more commonly encountered salt in the laboratory is pentahydrate
Colligative properties are the physical changes that happen when you put a solute in a solvent. The ratio of the number of solute particles are a contributing factor, but not the types of particles. There are four main properties that are affected by this solute mass ratio, which include depression of freezing point, elevation of boiling point, lowering in vapor pressure, and osmotic pressure. Every kind of liquid basically has a freezing point, they just vary in temperature. Water for instance
The rate of osmosis decreased as the concentration increased. This is because the egg began with a certain solute concentration and was placed in the distilled water with zero salt concentration, the rate of osmosis into the egg was highest here as it was the largest concentration gradient from the egg to the solution. Therefore the water molecules diffused into the egg through the membrane as moving against the concentration gradient from low to high concentration. As the egg moved into the next solution
airborne water droplets. http://www.doc.mmu.ac.uk/aric/eae/Acid_Rain/Older/Sulphur_Dioxide.html Many factors can affect the rate of reaction; concentration, temperature, ratio of the substances, amount, stirring, and catalysts are these factors. Rate of reaction is the speed of reaction. In essays written by young scientists, they have used concentration as a variable in their experiments; some have used a light sensor, connected to a data logger, to measure the amount of light passing through
investigate the effect of changing the concentration of a solution on the movement of water into and out of potato cells. I will be able to change the input of my experiment. The input variable will be the concentration of the solution. The 100% solution is sodium chloride dissolved in water (salt water). This will be referred to as the 100% solution from now on. But the type of solution is not important as Osmosis is all about differences in concentrations. The output variable will be the weight