fluid were explained thanks to Euler equations, but the equations were not enough to clarify the viscosity (friction) in a flow field. In the next century, Euler equations were developed by Claude-Louis Navier and George Stokes independently, and then new equations were derived and nowadays they are known as Navier-Stokes equations. These equations provided to describe internal friction acting in a flow field, but could not explain friction between a flow and a surface which contacts with the flow.
The science of fluid mechanics is neither new nor biblical; however, most of the progress in this field was made in the 20th century. Therefore it is appropriate to open this text with a brief history of the discipline, with only a very few names mentioned. As far as we can document history, fluid dynamics and related engineering were always integral parts of human evolution. Ancient civilizations built ships, sails, irrigation systems, and flood-management structures, all requiring some basic understanding
Undoubtedly the most important topics in this research are structural analysis, finite element methods and the basic review on Abaqus software due to the fact that this software is used as a research tool for examining the behaviour of structures. Therefore, it is essential to know about these topics and the relationships between them. An effort is made to review the important structural analysis and finite element method approaches, reports and fundamentals guiding the structural analysis of the