functions, some of them being protecting the fetus physically, providing room for fetal movements, and helping regulate fetal body temperature. The placental membrane, located between the chorionic villi and the placenta, separates maternal blood from fetus blood, allowing oxygen and nutrients to diffuse through the villi walls into the placenta. The placenta is the main structure that keeps the fetus alive during its 9 month development process by providing it with oxygen and nutrient exchange.
Interview: 2004? In 1977, Dr. Rosalyn Yalow became a co-winner for the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the development of the radioimmunoassay (RIA). Unfortunately, her colleague, Solomon Berson, passed away before he could receive his share of the prize. At an early age, Yalow was mostly interested in mathematics and chemistry. However, when she began her studies at Hunter Women’s College in New York, she became fascinated by physics and completed her graduate studies at the University
Thalidomide Thalidomide is a sleeping sedative (The First Appearance Of Thalidomide, n.d.). The drug was “similar to barbiturates with relatively low known toxicity in adults (Breaking News Thalidomide, n.d.)”. Thalidomide was marketed as safe for pregnant women, who used it to combat morning sickness (The First Appearance Of Thalidomide, n.d.). The drug was developed by West German Pharmaceutical Company, Chemie Grünenthal GmbH, because the company wanted to expand the antibiotics it produced (The
Background Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is the basis for all pregnancy tests.1 It is mainly produced by the syncytiotrophoblast cells of the placenta during pregnancy and can also be seen in gestational trophoblastic diseases (choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole) and testicular germ cell malignancies.1,2,3,7 It has been shown that the hCG produced through the majority of normal pregnancy is a smaller molecule than the hCG produced in choriocarcinomas and malignancies, due to four double sized
In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) is a procedure that offers hope to couples who otherwise are unable to conceive. This process is important to infertile couples because it gives them another chance of conceiving a child. In order for normal pregnancy to occur, an egg is released from an ovary and unites with a sperm in a fallopian tube. However, during the process of IVF, this union occurs in a laboratory after both eggs and sperm have been collected. The fertilized egg is then transferred into the uterus
help pain, stimulate a persons body, reduce a person weight, and to hide the fact that a person is using other drugs (Szumski 12). Things that are considered steroids or an illegal body building drugs are, Anabolic Steroids, Beta-2 agonists, human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) , luteinizing hormone (LH), Human Growth Hormone (HGH), Insulin-like growth factors, and insulin (Szumski 13). There are also many types of Anabolic steroids, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, androstenedione, dehydroean drosterone
In the current breeding practices, management of the estrous cycle is a common. Breeders want to know when their mare is in one phase or the other and also wants to be able to determine when she will ovulate. Manipulation of the estrous cycle is a practice of breeding management. Manipulation of estrous involves changing the normal cycle through hormone treatments or other methods. Managing and manipulating the estrous cycle allows breeders to have control over the phase the mare is experiencing
Rabbit Genetics The similarity between the physiology of rabbits and humans makes the rabbit a good model for research into human disease. The most prevalent types of rabbits are cottontails and European rabbits. Domestic rabbits are tame assortments of European rabbits. The Californian, Florida White, and New Zealand White are the most common breeds used in research. Until 1912 rabbits were classified as rodents. Scientists discovered that the two types of animals differed in several distinct anatomical
Introduction A molar pregnancy (hydatidiform mole) is a mass of tissue that grows in the uterus after conception. The mass is created by an egg that was not fertilized correctly. The egg then abnormally grows. It is an abnormal pregnancy and does not develop into a fetus. If a molar pregnancy is suspected by your health care provider, treatment is required. What are the causes? This condition is caused by an egg that is fertilized incorrectly so that it has abnormal genetic material (chromosomes)
Medicines are chemicals which are used to cure, stop or prevent diseases, illnesses and ease symptoms. Some medicines are produced in the laboratory by mixing chemicals, while others are found in nature, such as from plants. With the progression of medicines, doctors have been able to save lives and cure several diseases. Not taking medication can prevent a person from not doing everyday activities and also lead to other health problems. There are many reasons why people do not take medicines which
I Hate Being Pregnant Many women who have looked down at a positive pregnancy test will tell you it 's a life changing, heart pounding moment. Some women might also find it frightening or upsetting. So it’s not very surprising if these women suddenly blurt out “I hate being pregnant!” Why the drama? Blame rising hormone levels. There are certain women who are more sensitive to those shifting hormones than others. I Hate Being Pregnant, Is That a Normal Feeling? It 's normal to have mood swings during
There a Faint Line on Pregnancy Test? There are many possible reasons why only a faint line appears on a pregancy test: Testing too early. This is one common reason why women get inaccurate results from home pregnancy tests, which detects Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) levels in the urine. This hormone increases during the early weeks of pregnancy and is detected in the urine. However, taking the test too early can make a difference in how much hormone is present in the urine. A home pregnancy
Methods and Effects of Prenatal Genetic Testing I. Introduction Prenatal genetic testing has become one of the largest and most influencial advances in clinical genetics today. "Of the over 4000 genetic traits which have been distinguished to date, more than 300 are identifiable via prenatal genetic testing" (Morris, 1993). Every year, thousands of couples are subjecting their lives to the results of prenatal tests. For some, the information may be a sigh of relief, for others a tear of terror
• Define gestational age compared to developmental age • Explain the trimester system of embryological development • Describe the development on a week by week basis throughout pregnancy from the time of fertilization to birth • Understand the stages of development that are sensitive to abnormalities and are at an increased risk of spontaneous abortions • Define aneuploidy and explain its significance to spontaneous abortions • Define confined placental mosaicism, explain how it occurs and why
Histologic and Anatomical Aspects of placenta The placenta is an organ that affects the environmental conditions for fetal development . First all substances which enter the fetal circulation have passed through the placental parenchymal cells. Second the placenta secretes several hormones and growth factors that affects maternal and fetal metabolism. The placenta is highly sensitive to maternal and fetal signals and may adapt its properties to support the development of fetus. The ability
Within a few days of this process the uterus will continually divide , the embryo; Releasing hormones to keep the corpus luteum functioning for a few weeks to allow nourishment and protection to reach and line the uterus. Then membrane like chorionic villi are formed to help with protection. These form an essential organ called the placenta; the connection between mother and embryo. This serves as the embryo’s main source of nourishment.
Would you want to know the health of your child before it is born? That is what Prenatal Testing is for. If you don’t know what it is exactly, you’ll learn as you read through this paper. The two types of prenatal testing are prenatal screening and prenatal diagnosis. Both types of testing allow for pregnant women to have a clearer understanding of their child. (Prenatal Diagnosis 2015) New ways of learning about the fetus will most likely become available in the near future because of technology
The following is a case study of a female Jane, a multiparous, gravida two, parity one, 30 year-old woman who has recently moved from rural Africa to Australia at 36 weeks gestation into her pregnancy. Jane has a rhesus negative blood type and the concern for Jane and her baby is how the incompatibility of the rhesus factors in each of their blood and what this may cause after giving birth to a Rhesus positive first child in rural Africa 3 years ago. Rhesus negative blood is a minority blood group
(University of Michigan Medical School, 1999). The syncytiotrophoblast is covered with many structures known as chorionic villi which transport oxygen from the maternal blood circulation to the foetal circulation and vastly increase the surface area of the chorion for gas exchange to take place. They project through the syncytiotrophoblast into the intervillous space where
Down's Syndrome Down's syndrome is a genetic condition involving an extra chromosome, this change occurs around the time of conception. A person with Down's syndrome has forty-seven chromosomes instead of the usual forty-six. A relatively common genetic disorder, Down's strikes 1 out of 600 babies. In 95 percent of all cases, the disorder originates with the egg, not the sperm, and the only known risk factor is advanced maternal age-at age 35, a woman has 1 chance in 117 of having a baby with Down's;