photosynthesis in one way or another, there is another form of synthesis that is equally as important, chemosynthesis. The deep sea is considered the largest, yet, least-known habitat on earth and covers about two-thirds of the earth. Every year, and every dive down to the mysterious depths of the deep-sea bring scientist closer and closer to unraveling the secrets of the unimaginable deep. This is where chemosynthesis takes place because there is no sunlight available in order for photosynthesis to take place
Instructions: The test consists of 50 multiple choice questions. Students are to answer all questions by ticking or circling the correct option against each of the item Time: 1 hr 1. Organisms in any ecosystem lives in a particular place or region called …………………………………. (a) Terrestrial habitat (b) Home(c) Habitat (d) Population (e) Aquatic habitat 2. Biosphere is made up of the following (a) Lithosphere, mesosphere, hydrosphere (b) Hydrosphere, thermosphere, xerosphere (c) Lithosphere, Atmosphere
That the planet was covered by glacial ice under long periods during neoproterozoic is today an acceptable but still debated hypothesis, and there is some paper against the snowball earth. According to Allen (2008) there is evidence that indicates some ice-free oceans and thereby contradict that the whole planet was covered by glacial ice. The snowball earth can be according to Hoffman (1998) a reason for a biological productivity collapse in surface ocean. Hoffman (1998) presents evidence that
Before the 1970’s, people thought that all life on earth derived from energy provided by the sun. As human beings, yes, it is essential for our bodies. We absorb sunlight through our skin and produce essential vitamins and minerals that our bodies need. The sun also warms our planet making living conditions tolerable. Without the sun our planet would be extremely cold and impossible to live on. Plants and animals also need the sun for existence. In fact, humans, animals and plants need the
The Earth’s ocean is as mysterious to humans as outer space. Hayden states that only “5 percent” of the Earth’s waters have been explored making the deep sea highly interesting to scientists. The Mariana Trench is one of the most mysterious biomes on Earth due to its inability to be studied effectively because of its extreme depth and pressure. Kollipara states that the pressure is “over 1000 times those at sea level.” The Challenger Deep, near the island of Guam, is the deepest known part of
Hydrothermal vents are among the most diverse and biologically active ecosystems of the ocean. At these locations, seawater penetrates through the cracks in the crust until it reaches hot heated magma rock. The seawater is heated and converted into hydrothermal fluid. These hydrothermal fluids then rapidly diffuse through the seafloor as black jets of superheated fluid or water rising from cracks in the deep ocean seafloor. This interaction between superheated hot hydrothermal fluid from the crust
Some diatoms are benthic and live on mud, seaweed, and other surfaces. Other diatoms are wholly plankton and float in the water column. What type of adaptations do you expect each type of diatom to have? In other words, how do some diatoms stay afloat, while others stay attached to the benthos? Some of the diatoms are able to stay afloat because they have more surface area, meaning they have extended body parts that catch the water and make them sink much slower. While other types of diatoms
particular interest, as they could hold various new species and ecosystems that may offer new information with regards to aquatic evolution and sustainability. Moreover, Phytoplankton is of fascination, in the way they use geothermal energy in chemosynthesis. The ocean intrigues me from a purely academic standpoint, as very little is known about the oceans, and in terms of discovery,
The Arctic tundra, a vast plain of ice and water, is located on the northern poles of the Earth. Characterized by its low precipitation, minimum sunlight, and a layer of permafrost- a thick layer of ice that never thaws away- this biome is very cold, with temperatures as low as negative 70oC. One specific population that has adapted to this harsh environment is the polar bears. The Arctic tundra’s extreme temperatures have caused species, specifically polar bears, to adapt to it. Polar bears feed
The start of any evolutionary story told about us lies within the origin of the eukaryote cell. This remarkable event consisted of a revolution of cell type matched in momentousness by the arrival on the biological scene of the prokaryote (O’Malley). Bacteria had a couple billion years head start on eukaryotes and have given rise to many biochemical processes that are essential to the ecosystem (Wernergreen). One organism living within another defines endosymbiosis. Nobody can say the exact origin
Without the sun’s energy, an overwhelming majority of life would no longer be able to exist. The earth’s surface would be completely barren; neither plant nor animal would be able to withstand the brutal environment. Even the sea would be permeated with the carcasses of dead fish. However, on the ocean floor, species have evolved without any help from the sun’s energy whatsoever. These evolutionary wonders thrive in communities whose sole energy source is the hydrothermal vents found over 7,000 feet
energy from the sun to synthesize glucose and other organic compounds, that they can use for cellular respiration and building material for growth. In other words, called photosynthesis. Photosynthesis requires light energy, but some autotrophs use chemosynthesis, which means they can convert nutrients to organic compounds without light in the presence. While the trophic level of primary producers is of autotrophs, the next remaining levels all represent heterotrophs. Heterotrophs can only obtain their
chemical energy. On the other hand, heterotrophs rely on other organisms, either plants or animals, for their food source since they cannot synthesize their own food. Autotrophs, such as plants, algae and cyanobacteria, use either photosynthesis or chemosynthesis to produce energy. Most well known organisms of these autotrophs In plants, proteins called photosynthetic reaction centers contain green chlorophyll that absorbs light energy. These proteins are held inside organelles called chloroplasts, which
You see a world like no other. Life is abundant and it is all around you. There are strange creatures living in conditions that are extremely deadly. Before 1997 this world existed unknown, lurking in the dark. The only way for you to see this world is to be in a specialized submarine, otherwise you would die from heat, pressure, and extreme levels of toxins. And yet, in the hostile conditions life not only exists, it thrives. That world is here on Earth and it is like no other. The strange world
sunlight for 5.5 million years and displays a unique groundwater ecosystem, which is supported by in situ chemoautrophic production. The cave’s atmosphere is rich in hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide and also contains 1%–2% methane and as a result chemosynthesis is mainly based on sulfide- and methane-oxidation. Although this cave has been deprived of sunlight for millions of years, a variety of unique indigenous species have been identified, including 33 vertebrates and a wide range of microorganisms
Sound Light and Ocean Biochemical Processes Propagation of sound and the transmission of light within water Sound All sounds come from vibrations causing sound waves. Sound waves will travel better through solids and liquids than they will gas. “Sound or acoustic energy involves the actual vibration of the actual material through which it passes and thus, in general, propagates best through solids and liquids, less well in gasses and not at all in a vacuum” (Wright et al., 1995, p. 70) Objects
With the help of international crews and scientist as well as post war era naval technologies, we’re able to finally find out what lies beneath the great oceans. In 1977, under the direction of Bob Ballard, a navigation group from Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, Scripps Institute of Oceanography and researchers from Oregon State joined together aboard the Knorr. Over the Galápagos Rift with Alvin the world’s first deep-sea manned submersible they had plans to find such venting systems. At latitude