court. When King Charles II arrived back in England after ten years in exile, he had formed relationships with various women until the end of his life. Royal mistresses were not only able to have a relationship with King Charles, but also have political influence upon the court and its king. But we can ask ourselves; was this a new form of empowerment or a new form of exploitation of women? The seventeenth century marked the beginning of modernity in social hierarchy. King Charles II had come back from
In 1469 King Ferdinand II of Aragon married Queen Isabella I of Castile. Together they had a daughter named Joanna I of Castile. King Ferdinand then overthrew and conquered the Kingdom of Granada, doing so King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella united the three kingdoms of Aragon, Castile and Granada into one called España or Spain in English. Queen Isabella died and King Ferdinand passed on the crown to Joanna. Joanna’s husband Philip I of Castile desperately wanted the spanish crown and therefore
War of Spanish Succession resulted from a crisis in government when King Charles II died and left no heir. Various relatives from France, Austria, Britain and the Netherlands claimed a right to the throne. French Bourbon King Louis XIV installed his grandson, Philip of Anjou, as the Spanish king in 1700, resulting in the other claimants starting a war
Charles Hapsburg, who later became Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, was born in the Flemish city of Ghent on February 24, 1500 (3) to Phillip the Handsome and Joanna the Mad (2). He had four sisters: Eleanor, Isabel, Mary, and Katherine. Ferdinand I was his only brother (7). His maternal grandparents were the very famous Isabel of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon who funded Columbus’s expeditions (6). His paternal grandfather was Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor (7). Charles V was raised in the Netherlands
King of Spain, only son of the Emperor Charles V, and Isabella of Portugal, b. at Valladolid, 21 May, 1527; d. at the Escorial, 13 Sept., 1598. He was carefully educated in the sciences, learned French and Latin, though he never spoke anything but Castilian, and also showed much interest in architecture and music. In 1543 he married his cousin, Maria of: Portugal, who died at the birth of Don Carlos (1535). He was appointed regent of Spain with a council by Charles V. In 1554 he married Mary Tudor
Spain’s Golden Age and the Reign of Philip II A ‘golden age’ can be interpreted in many ways; it can be a time of great power for a monarch, or a country. It can be described as a time when some activity is at its peak, or as a period of great peace, prosperity and happiness. I will look at the period 1474 – 1598 to see if any of the monarchs’ reigns meet any of these interpretations of a ‘golden age’. The kingdom of Aragon had its own Cortes, which limited Ferdinand’s power as he
fought were primarily financial incentives for Charles VIII of France. He declared that he intended to use Naples as a base to drive the Ottomans out of Europe and liberate Constantinople. In actual truth his main motivation was self-glory and the mouth-watering prospect of acquiring some exquisite prizes of war. On the way he would acquire rich cities and portable pieces of art. It seems that this invasion had been planned for two years prior since Charles had already bought off potential rivals like
King Philip II of Spain: How He Improved Spain Absolutism was a form of government during the sixteenth through eighteenth centuries of Europe, which had made a huge impact on most of Europe. One of these rulers that helped improve the life of Europe was King Philip II, who ruled Spain. King Philip II made many contributions to the overall, well being of Spain. Philip II had made positive and negative achievements. He helped expanding upon the nation and improved spanish culture by improving arts
Printing in Spain and the New World What I hope to do in this paper is to show the influence and individuality of printing in Spain in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, from its inception to its significant direction in the early printing of books in New Spain (Mexico, Central America) and Latin America and to explore further, the idea of the printing press as a global networking system with the book as its essential commodity. First, I will give a brief history of early printing in Spain, the evolving
At the start of 1474, Spain was a non-existent entity that was composed of a series of minor kingdoms within the Iberian Peninsula. However Spain was subject to a process of change that led to the unification of the Iberian Peninsula under one monarchy, which controlled the new world and large areas of Northern Europe. This process of change was stimulated by the revenue of the new world and to varying degrees by domestic and international politics. However the New world was not always the primary
century, Spain was nothing like the Spain that it is known as today. Up until the 15th century, the way the regions in the Iberian Peninsula (Where Modern Spain is located) were structured in different kingdoms. Sometimes, these kingdoms were at war with one another, while at other times, joined together to fight a common enemy. At this time, Castile and Aragon had yet to be unified. This all changed in 1492. Most historians would agree that it wasn’t a revolt or a fight that created Spain. In fact
the Treaty of Tordesillas granted Spain exclusive exploration to the Western Hemisphere, which included North, South and Central America. (Berkin, 25) The Spaniards quickly claimed regions, located precious metals such as gold & silver, and Christianized local natives. (Berkib, 27) Soon the Spaniards began minting silver coins that
1574 recaptured Tunis with a force of 250 galleys and a siege, which lasted 40 days. This battle ended the threat of Ottoman control of Spain and Europe and in 1585. The Ottoman Empire signed a peace treaty and ended the war. Marriage Phillip’s father, Charles V, arranged Phillip’s marriage to Queen Mary I of England. In order to get Phillip to Mary’s level Charles made Phillip the king of Naples and of Jerusalem. They were married on July 25th, 1554 at Winchester Cathedral in Winchester, Hampshire
Louis was dignified and imposing with charming manners, but he was also hard working, patient and self-disciplined with an iron physical constitution. He maintained a strict routine of official business, every day. Short of height, he was of modest intelligence (not much helped by his upbringing undertaken largely by his servants) and lacking of a sense of humor. Possessed of a colossal pride, he loved grandeur, glory, military reviews and petty details (uniforms, equipment, drill). Louis was the
the background of the events leading up to colonization. In Spain for instance, the re-conquest of Grenada as well as the search for new trade routes are important events that lead up to colonization. In England, the Civil War between parliament and the monarchy affected colonization as well. The living situation for people in the Holy Roman Empire was deemed not good enough for future generations. The dynamics and developments in Spain, England, and the Holy Roman Empire were all important to the
Cavaliers (Royalists) over the way the government would run in 1642. Some of the causes are that King Charles I who had a personal rule by himself couldn’t raise money and needed the approval of Parliament. He tried by having the ship money tax and sending out a naval-war scare where the tax would pay toward the Royal Navy. The results of the war were the execution of King Charles I, the exile of Charles II, and the establishment of the republican Commonwealth under Oliver Cromwell. Oliver Cromwell abolished
In the early 16th century Hernán Cortés wrote a letter to King Charles I of Spain. The letter being a statement of great accomplishment and power wasn’t just a simple letter; to Hernán Cortés it was a symbol of authority and a step forward towards expansion. The letter acknowledged their achievements of this expedition; the first being their success and the discovery of land to be colonized and this amazing empire known as the Aztec empire. Steel, armor, canons, firearms, and horses presented Cortés
months. He also was one of the major factors that caused Spain to be the dominant country in the world. His discoveries have been overlooked even though he has had achievements that have effects that are still shown to this very day. Hernán Cortés was born in the year 1485 in Medellin, western Spain and studied law there at a university for a while but later he chose to leave and seek a fortune in America. In 1504 Hernán Cortés left Spain and travelled to America, specifically Santa Domingo or Hispaniola
13th century. Being a royal house, it was a lineage of Bourbon family members who ruled over various kingdoms in Europe, and descendants of the line still exist today. It originated in France as a branch of the Capetian Dynasty, and also expanded to Spain and Italy. The dynasty's original fortress, Château de Bourbon-l'Archambault (Castle of Bourbon-l'Archambault), still exists today in the Allier department of France, albeit largely destroyed. The royal family line began when Robert of Clermont, son
Spain's Golden Age and Philip II The concept of a Golden Age is a highly contested issue among modern and contempory historians. There is debate over the dates of such an age, or even its existence at all. Working on the assumption that a golden age occurred in some form, to deduce whether it was more specifically under Philip's reign, we must look at the condition of Spain in key areas before and after Philip's accession in 1556. If differences arise a judgement must be made on whether