Introduction A cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is an irregular connection of arteries and veins within the brain that has no definite cause; many do not experience symptoms (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2011). However, some patients experience headaches and seizures (Starke et al., 2009). The main risk of an AVM is hemorrhage, and patients with AVMs will always have some risk of hemorrhage (Ogilvy et al., 2001); According to Ogilvy et al (2001), more than 50% of AVMs lead to cerebral hemorrhage.
Cerebral Vascular Accident also known as a stroke occurs when part of the brain loses its blood supply and the part of the body that the blood-deprived brain cells control stops working. Blood loss supply can be ischemic because of lack of blood flow, or hemorrhagic because of bleeding into brain tissue. When an artery in the brain is being obstructed or blocked preventing oxygen rich blood from being delivered to brain cells, an ischemic stroke can occur (Wedro, 2013). Atherosclerosis can happen
hemorrhagic stroke, bleeding occurs in the brain parenchyma. This is usually caused by leakage from tiny intercerebral arteries which are commonly damaged by hypertension. Other risk factors for hemorrhagic stroke are anticoagulant therapies, aneurysms, cerebral amyloidosis, and cocaine abuse. Although less common than ischemic strokes, hemorrhagic strokes are responsible for about 40% of stroke deaths. A subarachnoid hemorrhage stroke is caused by bleeding in the space between the brain and the skull.
management (WHO, 2006). Case Presentation: This is a case of 60-year-old African American widowed female( 5years) presented with a medical diagnosis of cerebrovascular disease secondary to right intracerebral hemorrhage and found to have right arteriovenous malformation .No residual AVM post op. Onset date was April 11/2014.Past medical history of depression is otherwise patient without significant past medical history. Family History: Diabetes and hypertension. The previous level of function: the patient
Americans are faced with health complications such as stroke each and every day. Stroke, also called “brain attack” is the third leading cause of deaths in the United States, killing more women each year than breast cancer. According to World Health Organization, fifteen million people suffer from stroke worldwide each year and about 700,000 in the United States. Among the people, it can be inferred that there is a poor public awareness of stroke. There are also many myths about stroke and one of
Integumentary System- Hypertrichosis Hypertrichosis, which is also known as Ambras Syndrome or Werewolf Syndrome, is excess growth of hair on parts of the body. Hypertrichosis can either be generalized meaning it covers the whole body or localized meaning it is only on a certain area. There are three different hair types that may be involved. They include Lanugo (long and silky), Vellus (replace Lanugo after birth except on the scalp and eyebrows), and terminal (course, thick, and pigmented). Generalized
Educating a stroke patient comes with many challenges. Patients who have had a stroke may suffer from barriers that may negatively affect the learning process. When educating patients in general, it has been reported that 40-80% of the information provided by the healthcare professionals is forgotten (Kessels, 2003). The more information that is presented, the least amount of information is recalled (Kessels, 2003). Many studies have provided information regarding which teaching modality works
professional that serves on the board of directors of the National Alliance on Mental Health. She is skilled at communication in all forms: teaching, writing, and speaking. She understands verbal and non-verbal communication. Then one day Jill had a cerebral vascular accident (CVA) commonly termed “a stroke”. Jill transitioned from being a master at communication to being completely disabled. In Jill’s words ““I could not walk,
It goes without saying that everyone’s health is important and should be taken care carefully. Everyone has heard of strokes before but many people do not really know its meaning, types, and the number of individuals of that dies due to this issue. According to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015), strokes kills an average of 130,000 people a year and it is one of the most common deaths that happen in the United States. An average of 800,000 of people die from cardiovascular disease
An ischemic stroke can occur in two ways. One of the ways in which ischemic stroke can happen is embolic stroke which occurs when a blood clot or plaque fragment forms somewhere in the body and travels to the brain. Once in the brain, the clot travels to the blood vessel small enough to block its passage. After that, the clots stay there and block the blood vessel which causes the stroke. About 15% of embolic strokes occur in people with atrial fibrillation (Ischemic stroke, 2016). In other words
other type of stroke is a hemorrhagic stroke. This occurs when a blood vessel ruptures and blood is spilled into the brain tissue. High blood pressure is the most common cause for this type of blood vessel rupture although aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations are other causes as well. According to Webmed.com, “Uncontrolled high blood pressure increases a person’s stroke risk by four to six times.” Having a stroke is more common in adults, although it can happen to anyone at anytime, including
Stroke Medications and Treatment “Time is brain” is the repeated catch phrase when addressing the treatment and management of stroke (Saver, 2006). Access to prompt and appropriate medical care during the first few hours of stroke onset is critical to patient survival and outcomes. Recent changes in the guidelines for acute stroke care released by the American Heart Association (AHA) and the American Stroke Association (ASA) have improved patient access to treatment. Stroke treatment now follows