network just by itself, it was very sophisticated offline attack (sneaker net attack). It also kept itself hidden as legit file using fake certificates while gathering information. As a result of the attack, the worm destroyed Tehran’s 1000 nuclear centrifuges and set back the country’s atomic program by at least two years, as it spread beyond the plant and infected over 60,000 computers as well. Pretty much the attackers reached their goals, and sustained their power in the area. STUXNET timeline according
Planning ======== Aim: To investigate how surface area and volume of an animal affects the amount of heat lost. Planning a simple procedure =========================== One standard test tube, one boiling test tube, and one centrifuge test tube will be filled with water at 40°C. A thermometer will be placed in each tube to measure the decrease in temperature of the water. This will be timed for 300 seconds using a stopwatch. The temperature of the water will be recorded every
floret tissue, extraction buffer (0.02M potassium phosphate, 0.3M D-mannitol, 0.4M sucrose, 2.0M magnesium chloride, and 0.02M glucose), grinding sand, cheesecloth, 50mL centrifuge tubes, small plastic capped culture tubes, a razorblade, a mortar and pestle, 70% ethanol-water solution, refrigerated centrifuge, microscope, microscope slides and cover slips, a spatula, Janus green stain, and aceto-orcein stain. To perform this experiment one must first pre-chill the extraction
aims to stop Iran from acquiring a nuclear weapon. This policy addresses seven key areas centrifuges, uranium enrichment, breakout time, the Fordow facility, research and development, inspections, and lastly sanctions lifted. First, Centrifuges are tube-shaped machines used to enrich uranium, the material necessary for nuclear power and nuclear bombs. Iran would have to reduce its total of about 19,000 centrifuges, 10,000 of which are still spinning today, down to 6,104 under the deal, with only 5,060
for 10 minutes and distilled water was added to it periodically to ensure that the volume of solution in the beaker stayed the same. The solution was then spilt equally into two centrifuge tubes and the solution was centrifuged until there was no more suspended precipitate. The supernatant was then decanted into a centrifuge tube. This was the stock solution. The logic tree from part two was used to analyze and identify the unknown
A centrifuge operates by rapidly spinning its contents, creating a centrifugal force that causes the denser components of a mixture, in this case various precipitates, to settle at the bottom.1 The centrifuge was balanced by placing test tubes of equal size, containing equal volumes of solution in various configurations in order to spread out the weight of the samples equally in the centrifuge. In the case of the six slot centrifuge used in the experiment, if two or
2KCl(aq) total Centrifuges were utilized in the lab to separate substances of different densities (i.e. liquid solution and precipitate). Centrifuges separate solids and liquids so quickly because they use high rotational velocity, causing the denser solids to move toward the outer wall of the centrifuge and bottom of the test tube.3 It is vital to balance the centrifuge because the tubes are spun at high rotational velocities, so an imbalance of mass can cause a failure of the centrifuge to work properly
in plant tissue. The use of tissue kept at room temperature for the entire experiment was successful as it provided a clear comparison with the tissue that had been boiled or frozen. During the investigation, the same pieces of equipment ie the centrifuge and scale were used for every measurement to ensure that there was no variation in results due to technical
cube to remove any damaged pigments with deionized water. Using a blender, we blend the beets with 15 mL of pH 7 DI water. After blending we used cheesecloth to separate the liquid from the solids for easier centrifuge process. Then we put the liquid beet into a centrifuge tube and centrifuge it for 5 minutes at 2500 rpm. We then remove the supernatant into a beaker, and discarded the sediment. Using a 1:4 ratio mixture of the supernatant and deionized water, we made a stock solution. We then tested
3.0 Material and Methods 3.1 LB Broth and LB Agar Preparation LB Broth powder and LB Agar powder (Sigma-Aldrich) were used for preparation of LB Broth and LB Agar respectively. For LB Broth, 35 g of LB Broth powder was added into 1 L of ddH2O. The mixture was heated up to boiling until all the LB Broth powder was dissolved. For LB Agar, 25 g of LB Agar powder was added into 1 L of ddH2O. The mixture was then allowed to stir to suspend. Both LB Broth and LB agar mixture were allowed for autoclave
performance and research. ASTM D2172 is the most accepted procedure for asphalt extraction. This procedure includes five methods such as Method A the centrifuge extraction, Method B the Reflux extraction, Method C first variation of the Reflux method, Method D the second variation of Reflux method and Method E the vacuum extraction. Among them centrifuge method is most popular because the asphalt extracted using Reflux method is subjected to more aging and the vacuum extraction method is not used in
The membrane contactors can be used in different components of the absorption refrigeration systems such as absorber, desorber, solution heat exchanger etc. In this section absorption refrigeration cycle configurations of the investigations reviewed in the present work are discussed. The principle of operation and the use of membrane contactors in the desorber of absorption refrigeration systems can alter the configuration of the cycle. However, the use of membrane contactors in the absorber has
30 minutes in a reflux apparatus. Sulfuric acid being a strong acid acts as a catalyst in this reaction. Phosphoric acid also acts as a catalyst in this reaction. The distillate was then added to a centrifuge tube along with 1-2 ml of saturated sodium chloride. The bottom layer in the centrifuge tube was then extracted and dried using anhydrous sodium sulfate. This bottom layer was then distilled again in
Andrea Bouchan* Meredith TA: Felicia Konopka September 20, 2015 Results and Discussion The purpose of this experiment was to use qualitative analysis methods to identify the metal nitrate salts that were present in an unknown solution for parts A and B. In part C, a third method, the cation flame tests, was used to identify cation solutions based on the color that was emitted by the flame. In parts A and B, the results were the presence of the lead cation and the barium cation. Lead was identified
micro-centrifuged at maximum speed. To precipitate the extracted DNA, the supernatants from each of the six samples were added to their correspondingly labeled micro-centrifuge tubes containing 7% ethanol (Parent et. al, 2008To bind the DNA, the ethanol lysate mixtures were transferred to labeled spin columns and spun for one minute in the micro-centrifuge at maximum speed. To wash the bound DNA, the spin columns were washed and spun three times at maximum speed. In order to elute the bound DNA, the samples
behind. Each step serves a purpose in doing so, for example, the spinach is blended into a puree in order facilitate the centrifuge process. 75/25 hexane/acetone solution is used in the blending process because hexane alone is not enough and acetone alone is miscible in water. Anhydrous sodium sulfate is used to dry the organic solution after it has been through the centrifuge tube and separated into a test tube. The purpose of the alumina column is to filter unwanted inorganic chemicals while letting
Eugenol (C10H12O2) is a well-known natural product occurring in many plants like cloves and nutmeg, with a satisfying scent and spicy taste. Eugenol is extracted from numerous aromatic plants and used in perfumeries for spicy, clove-like and oriental-type fragrances. “Alike all phenols, eugenol is an antiseptic; used as disinfectant in mouthwash. Due to its antiseptic and analgesic properties, it is used in dentistry; upon mixing with zinc oxide it forms cement for temporary fillings of the teeth
Abstract The medicinal value of earthworms has been known for centuries. The earthworms are the source of proteins, peptides, enzymes and physiologically active substances. Thus in the present study, the earthworm skin extracts were prepared and subjected to antimicrobial activity which was determined by the agar well diffusion method. The antimicrobial substances showed activity against Serratia marcescens. The molecular weight of the peptide from skin extract was found to be ~3kDa by SDS – PAGE
nuclear weapons, through this they were able to transmit the virus into their computers which later spread through to the uranium plants. In a matter of weeks, almost all of Iran's uranium plants were infected. The Stuxnet virus was created to spin centrifuges out of control in the uranium plants and it did just that setting Iran’s nuclear development back and costing a lot of
A known solution of Na2SO4 was made and the unknown solution was made. Both solutions were mixed with BaCl2 twice to create a reaction. The solutions were all put into test tubes to be put into the centrifuge to separate out the precipitate, NaCl. The precipitate was then removed from the tubes and put on filter paper to dry. Once they dried the filter paper with precipitate was weighed. Then the mass of the filter paper was subtracted from the total