purpose of this paper is to describe the three frequently discussed theories on the origin of the state: hydraulic theory (irrigation), circumscription, and territory expansion model (local and long-distance trade). I will discuss, critique, and implement all three theories in my own view of the state. Hydraulic Theory Karl August Wittfogel became one of the leading proponents of the hydraulic theory in the 1950s. The theory states that the “initial statehood (primary states) and development of