Cardinal Richelieu Cardinal Richelieu was born Armand Jean du Plessis in Paris in September of 1585. The name Richelieu came from the name of his family's estate. The du Plessis' were considered minor nobility and Armand's grandfather, Louis, secured their place in court through marriage to Francoise de Rochechouart, an important family at the time. Louis died young and left five sons, the second oldest of whom, Francois, was Richelieu's father. Francois also died young, leaving his family in dire
Medici. One of her court favorites, Armand de Plessis de Richelieu, rose through the ranks, eventually gaining the title of Cardinal and becoming one of Louis’ key advisors and minister. His political manifesto, Political Testament, was a treatise for King Louis XIII that offered him advice mainly concerned with the management and subtle subjugation of the nobles and the behavior of a prince. Beneath all of the obeisant rhetoric, Richelieu was essentially writing a handbook for Louis XIII on how
The Accomplishments of Cardinal Richelieu Up until the mid 17th century, it was evident that France was by no means a major player in the field of European affairs. Spain was still the most powerful state as it held a dominant monopoly over European commerce and economics. However, by 1648, this power would shift, and France would come into it's own in terms of political and economic influence. The transfer of power was aided by a weakening of the Spanish Empire, along with the establishment
Armand-Jean du Plessis de Richelieu was born in 1585, and would become the future chief minister of the French monarchy from 1624 to 1642. When he was born, on his cot was the motto, Regi Armandus, meaning "Armand for the King" . This statement would arguably become one of the truest statements in history, as Richelieu would eventually play a very important part in firmly establishing the power of the French monarchy over its subjects and the power of France as a world power . Richelieu has been seen by different
XIII and Cardinal Richelieu are in authority in France, each struggling to gain absolute power. As a result conflicts emerge that will lead to the progress of France. France was constantly in external conflicts with England and in internal conflicts with the Huguenots that provoked war against the Catholics and even the King, but never against the Cardinal (Dumas, 1). Queen Anne’s romance to the Duke of Buckingham, who at the time was an enemy of France, was not unknown to the Cardinal, like nothing
XIV wanted to have control over everything that happened in his country. To be able to do this he had to centralize the state. Cardinal Richelieu had already started to do this under the reign the Louis XIII by centralizing the administration of France with district commissioners appointed by the king. This weakened the local nobility but gave a lot of power to Richelieu who mainly ruled the country in Louis XIII's place. To keep power over France, Louis XIV ruled through councils of state and made
granted religious ... ... middle of paper ... ... XIV mother did not want to do the same thing Marie de Medici did, she chose a regent right away, and it was another Cardinal, Cardinal Mazarin to govern the country until Louis XIV came of age. In 1648, the Nobility of France had one last gasp that lasted in a 6-year battle until Cardinal Mazarin defeated the nobility once and for all. In 1661, Mazarin died, and Louis XIV who was now 24 years old, took over as King. When Mazarin died, he left Louis XIV
the three main ministers, Richelieu, Colbert and Mazarin. These ministers are regarded as having the biggest impact on the two Louis'. We do not look at the other ministers, as they appear in minor roles; none of them, on a grand scale make a massive contribution to the state of affairs in France. This is why they are only occasionally referred to in this essay. Richelieu came into power in 1624, and it was the turning point of Louis XIII's reign. Richelieu made a substantial contribution
Louis XIII and Louis XIV did not continue the reforms and policies of Henry IV, as they both would change France from the way Henry created it. Beginning in the late 1500’s, France was a mess; the society had been wracked by political feud and civil war. With that, peasants were overburdened with taxes and crops were failing. Places like Burgundy suffered almost complete depopulation. So as it can be seen, Henry IV entered his reign in a time of mess and need. The first things Henry IV did may include
François-Marie Arouet, better known by his pseudonym Voltaire, was born into a well situated family in Paris, France in 1694. Voltaire’s father was a successful lawyer, but Voltaire had a difficult relationship with his father. He was educated at the Jesuit College Louis-le-Grand from 1704 to 1711. During his college years, Voltaire developed a love of literature and theater while at the same time, the religious instruction of his teachers prompted a skepticism and mockery of religion in general
Topic 2 According to the Merriam –Webster dictionary, a king is “a paramount chief or male monarch of a major territorial unit; especially: one whose position is hereditary and who rules for life.” The concept of kings has been around for thousands of years, and has played a major role in both ancient and modern societies. In this paper, I will discuss the role of the kings in the societies of seventeenth century France, fifteenth century Inka, and the Classic Maya. In each of these societies, kings
In result, the Duke of Buckingham orders his personal jeweler to make two replacement tags, then he sends all twelve back to Paris with D’Artagnan- surprising the Cardinal when she appears with them all. For D’Artagnan’s courageous act, the Queen rewards him with a elegant diamond ring. After, he is told by Constance that it’s no longer safe to remain in Paris, so D’Artagnan figures it’s a perfect time to find out
defeated him and runs after him. But on his way he runs over wounded Athos and he also runs into Porthos. He ran through the street but could not find the man. Athos gets mad and challenges D’Artagnan to a duel. But when they were about to fight five Cardinal Guards attack them, and D’Artagnan is rewarded for his bravery. One day his landlord comes to him with a favor and he excepts it because he has not paid his bill for three months rent. Constance Bonacieux was kidnapped. While he is telling his
they see the landlord’s wife with the queen of Spain’s secret lover, the duke of Buckingham. She gave him a gift of twelve diamond tags. The cardinal finds out that the queen has given the duke of Buckingham the diamond tags, he asks the king to give a ball and demand her to wear the gift he gave her, the twelve diamond tags. Milady is ordered by the cardinal to steal 2 diamond tags, from the 12, and use it as blackmail. Immediately, the three musketeers and d’Artagnan go to London to help the queen
Dumas’s novels and in particular The Three Musketeers are so great for his ability to mix fact with fiction. As a historical novel, The Three Musketeers bases its story around some major characters and events of 17th century, French history. Cardinal Richelieu, Anne of Austria, and other important characters really lived and acted the way they do in the novel. In fact, the historical basis of Dumas's story extends all the way to his initial idea for the novel, even to the Musketeers and d’Artagnan
built many palaces and residences in France. His greatest remaining monument is Versailles, which was simultaneously a triumph and a disaster in the eyes of France. Louis XIV continued the policy of centralizing French government that Henry IV, Richelieu, and Mazarin started before he became King. Louis XIV also was blessed by having a number of very able advisors. Among the most brilliant was a man by the name of Colbert. Colbert was in charge of economic policies and under his direction the French
who ruled France during the youth of Louis was Cardinal Mazarin from Italy. Mazarin's policies were clever, complex and successful. Mazarin played a major role in bringing about the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. Mazarin basically wanted to end the conflict among the Catholic powers of Europe, and to use the power of France to oppose the Hapsburgs (Austria and Spain). Internally, in France, he wanted to continue the policies of Louis XIII and Richelieu who wanted to curb the powers of the French nobility
reign had ended Louis XIV inherited the throne in 1643 when he was only five (Cairns 103). From the moment he entered power and his reign began he had greedy intentions and enormous ideas of divine rule (Cairns 112). In 1661, Louis chief advisor Cardinal Jules Mazarin died and Louis then decided that he would be the only ruler of France (Spielvagel 1). Louis
"Everyone suspects himself of at least one of the cardinal virtues, and this is mine: I am one of the few honest people that I have ever known" (Fitzgerald Gatsby 64). So writes Nick Carraway in F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby, characterizing himself in opposition to the great masses of humanity as a perfectly honest man. The honesty that Nick attributes to himself must be a nearly perfect one, by dint of both its rarity and its "cardinal" nature; Nick asserts for himself that he is among
Why ask why the Great Pyramid was built? Because it is the most massive building on the planet, at least twice the volume and thirty times the mass of the Empire State Building. Because it is aligned to the true cardinal points of the compass even though no compass is known to have existed at its time of construction. Because its masonry which weighs up to seventy tons is joined to the fiftieth of an inch. Because its casing stones were polished to the standard of modern optical work. Why was such