agglutination principle is commonly used by serological quantitative assay to quantify unknown antigen or antibodies in a biological fluid. As all the Antibody isotypes are divalent or polyvalent, one antibody can bind to several antigens which will form chain linkage and clumping of antigen, giving rise to a lattice formation (antigen and antibodies complex). The lattice structure form by clumping of antigens and antibodies is process call agglutination. There are two types of agglutination reaction
disease is usually triggered by the ingestion of gluten which contains the peptide gliadin found in wheat, alternatively other peptides in the prolamin family are able to elicit an immune response in CD sufferers (C. Gianfrani, 2005). The gliadin antigen works by enlarging tight junctions, allowing larger proteins to permeate through the membrane (Lammers, K.M., 2008), thus inducing an immune response and leading to small intestine enteropathy (C. Gianfrani, 2005). CD is a relatively common disease
Immunohistochemistry is a technique that involves the use of antibody-antigen interactions in order to identify cellular and tissue constituents. One way this can be done by labelling known antibodies with enzymes which produce a coloured product after reacting and then monitoring the sample to see whether a reaction has taken place. In immunohistochemistry, the preservation of the antigenic determinants, also known as epitopes, and binding sites is vital in order to ensure that an accurate result
Meningococcal Disease Treatments and Vaccines Meningococcal disease is a large concern in the medical field because it is unbiased towards the patients it infects. There has been limited success in trying to eliminate this disease. Antibiotics play a role in helping to treat patients with bacterial meningitis, and steroids have been tested to help reduce risk factors. Prevention has also become a key issue because meningitis can only be spread through direct contact with infected body fluid. The
to take advantage of prostate cancer screenings even when it is free (Oliver, 2007)? Current state of the science Today, prostate cancer is usually detected through screening, and there are two methods for early detection. The prostate-specific antigen test (PSA) is used, but there are many factors that can influence the outcome of the PSA test. Medications such as antihistamines, physical exertion or recent ejaculation can raise a PSA level (Gray, 2009). The test itself was intended for staging
Should You Use Prostara? What is Prostara and why is it gaining popularity not just for managing BPH but also as a supplement for general prostate health? Read on and find out. Understanding BPH Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the most common ailments that affect aging men. Statistics show that more than half of the entire male population aged 65 have some form of BPH, while about 90 percent of men aged 85 have the condition. Every year, in the United States alone, about a quarter of
A saviour sibling is a child who is conceived through the use of IVF and born in order to treat an older brother or sister who has a fatal disease; the child’s genes, which are a genetic match, are selected to ensure the developed foetus will be free from the original disease and able to treat the existing child (Cambridge Dictionaries, 2016). This report will outline the ethics of conceiving a child for the purpose of using cells, tissues or even organs to treat an existing child with a fatal disease
The Sacrifice of Savior Siblings A parent wants to do everything to ensure that their child has a safe and healthy life. Whether it is providing them with nutritious meals, or taking them to the doctor, these commonplace things attribute to a child’s health and wellbeing. With recent advances in technology, however, some parents are considering preimplantation genetic diagnosis and HLA tissue typing to care for their sick children. With PGD and HLA typing, parents have the ability to essentially
doing my graduate research project on analysis of electrical resistance of Cobalt / Antimony embedded nanoparticle system. If the same technology could be used in the medical field where we could use it to measure the electrical resistance on Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) as a tumor marker for Cancer in the sense that it can be done by embedding the CEA into nanoparticles in any Bilayer, which in return can be used to measure the electrical resistance and detect cancer proteins in early
Neisseria gonorrhoeae Introduction Neisseria gonorrhoeae is the obligate human pathogen that causes the sexually transmitted disease (STD) gonorrhea. This Gram-negative diplococci/gonococci does not infect other animals or experimental animals and does not survive freely in the environment. The gonococcal infection occurs in the upper or lower tract, pharynx, ophthalmic area, rectum, and bloodstream. During the 1980’s gonorrhea was also referred to as “the clap” when public awareness was quite
Introduction (85-102) Pancreatic cancer is generally referred to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC), and only account for 2% of cancer cases and 5% of cancer deaths in Australia; however, it is considered as one of the most lethal malignancies, with a five-year survival rate less than 5% and average survival of four to five mounts, due to its aggressive character. Most patients are diagnosed at an advanced, irresectable stage, and the disease is highly resistant to standard therapy options